PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of Australia	European Faunal Zones	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Gelasian			MN 17	Early Pleistocene				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			MN 16	Late Pliocene				2.58
		Piacenzian			MN 15	Late Pliocene				3.2
		Zanclean			MN 15	Early Pliocene				3.6
					MN 14					4.2
					MN 13					4.9
	Miocene	Messinian			MN 13	Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian			MN 12					7.246
					MN 11					7.75
					MN 10					8.7
					MN 9					9.7
					MN 7 + 8					11.1
		Serravallian			MN 7 + 8	Middle Miocene				11.63
		Serravallian			MN 6					12.8 *
		Langhian			MN 5					13.82
		Burdigalian			MN 4	Early Miocene				15.98
					MN 3					16.9
					MN 2					20
		Aquitanian			MN 2					20.44
		Aquitanian			MN 1					22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene				33.9
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene				37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene				41.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene				56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian								72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
		Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian								208.5
		Carnian								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Buntsandstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian	Leine	264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni		443.8
		Katian			Pirgu		445.2
					Vormsi		449.6 *
					Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
				Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
					Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian			Keila	Idavere †	453
					Haljala		453.9
					Kukruse		456.4 *
					Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku		458.4
					Lasnamagi		458.9 *
					Aseri		460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
					Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
					Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
						Latorp †		470.1 *
					Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg			477.7
					Varangu			481.3 *
					Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort	Datsonian		Late Cambrian	485.4
									486.3 *
									486.5
						Payntonian			486.8 *
		Jiangshanian				Iverian			489.5
		Paibian				Idamean			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Mindyallan		Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian				Boomerangian			499
		Drumian				Undillan			500.5
		Drumian				Floran			503
		Wuliuan				Templetonian			504.5
		Wuliuan				Ordian			507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4				Ordian		Early Cambrian	509
		Stage 4				510.8 *
		Stage 3				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
										538.8