PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Devonian of France	Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of North America						Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Zechstein												254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes												259.51
		Wordian															264.28
		Roadian															266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
		Artinskian			Autunian												283.5
		Sakmarian															290.1
		Asselian															293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec	Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian			393.3
		Pragian	Pragian			407.6
		Pragian	Pragian	Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian		Pirgu	445.2
							Richmondian		Pirgu	446 *
							Richmondian		Vormsi	449.6 *
							Maysvillian		Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Maysvillian		Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
							Edenian		Nabala			450.4 *
							Edenian	Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		Rakvere			451.1 *
									Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian							Keila		Idavere †	453
							Turinian		Keila			453.7 *
									Haljala			453.9
									Kukruse			456.4 *
						Whiterockian			Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku				458.4
									Lasnamagi				458.9 *
									Aseri				460.4 *
								Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
									Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
									Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian												467.3
							Rangerian							469.1 *
							Rangerian		Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
											Latorp †				470.1 *
									Hunneberg						473.7 *
							Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Tulean								477.7
							Stairsian								480.3 *
							Stairsian		Varangu						481.3 *
							Skullrockian		Varangu					Demingian †	482 *
									Pakerort					Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Pakerort					Late Cambrian		485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
																487.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
		Paibian														494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Middle Cambrian		497
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Early Cambrian									509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																	538.8