PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian of the Pamirs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene	Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian				Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene							11.63
		Langhian				Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian				Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene							33.9
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Dorashamian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Dzhulfian			Longtanian †					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian								259.51
		Wordian			Midian								264.28
		Wordian			Murgabian								266.2 *
		Roadian			Murgabian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian								273.01
		Kungurian			Bolorian								279.8
		Artinskian			Bolorian								283.5
		Artinskian			Yakhtashian								286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian				Pirgu	445.2
						Vormsi	449.6 *
						Nabala	Johvi †		450 *
					Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
						Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian				Keila	Idavere †		453
						Haljala			453.9
						Kukruse			456.4 *
						Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku			458.4
						Lasnamagi			458.9 *
						Aseri			460.4 *
					Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
						Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
						Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian				Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
							Latorp †			470.1 *
						Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian				Hunneberg				Ungurian	477.7
						Varangu					481.3 *
						Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort	Batyrbaian				485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
							Aksaian				490.7 *
							Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian					Sakian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian				Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian						499.5
		Drumian					Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian					Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan					Tuesaian	Stage 5 †				504.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †				505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
							Toyonian					510 *
							Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian					514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian				521
		Stage 2					525.5
		Fortunian					529
													538.8