PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian of China	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of North America						Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																		0
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
		Chibanian																		0.129
		Calabrian																		0.774
		Gelasian																		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Serravallian																		11.63
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian																		184.2
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian																251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian																253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian																254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian																257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan																259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian																264.28
		Roadian		Kuhfengian																266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian																273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian																283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian																285.4 *
		Sakmarian	290.1	Longlinian
		Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian		300.1
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian		Gamachian		Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
						Richmondian			Pirgu	446 *
									Vormsi	449.6 *
				Berounian						449.7 *
						Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Maysvillian			Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
						Edenian			Nabala			450.4 *
						Edenian	Viru		Rakvere			450.6 *
					Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			Rakvere			451.1 *
									Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian							Keila		Idavere †	453
						Turinian			Keila			453.7 *
									Haljala			453.9
									Haljala			Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Kukruse					456.4 *
					Whiterockian				Kukruse	Canadian †				Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Uhaku		Aluoja †				457.5 *
								Liben †							458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
				Dobrotivian											458.5 *
				Dobrotivian					Lasnamagi						458.9 *
				Oretanian					Lasnamagi						459.7 *
									Aseri						460.4 *
								Sarka †	Aseri						461.7 *
							Oeland		Kunda						462.9 *
									Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
									Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †								467.3
				Arenigian												468
						Rangerian										469.1 *
						Rangerian			Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian								Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
											Latorp †						470.1 *
									Hunneberg								473.7 *
						Tulean											473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Ungurian		Tulean		Tremadocian										477.7
						Stairsian												480.3 *
						Stairsian			Varangu									481.3 *
						Skullrockian			Varangu							Demingian †		482 *
									Pakerort							Demingian †		482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian					Pakerort							Late Cambrian			485.4
									486.3 *
									486.5
									487.5
		Jiangshanian							489.5
				Aksaian					490.7 *
				Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian		Sakian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian					Middle Cambrian							497
		Guzhangian														499.5
		Drumian		Zhanaarykian												500.5
		Drumian		Tuesaian												503
		Wuliuan		Tuesaian												504.5
		Wuliuan														505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4							Early Cambrian							509
				Toyonian												510 *
				Botomian												512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian												514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian												515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian												521
		Stage 2														525.5
		Fortunian														529
																				538.8