PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of North America		Permian of China	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of North America						Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																	0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Calabrian																	0.774
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Serravallian																	11.63
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Meishanian														251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian														253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian														254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Laibinian														257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan														259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian														264.28
		Roadian			Kuhfengian														266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian														273.01
		Artinskian			Luodianian														283.5
		Artinskian			Longlinian														285.4 *
		Sakmarian	290.1		Longlinian
		Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian		300.1
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian		Gamachian		Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
						Richmondian			Pirgu	446 *
									Vormsi	449.6 *
				Berounian						449.7 *
						Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Maysvillian			Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
						Edenian			Nabala			450.4 *
						Edenian	Viru		Rakvere			450.6 *
					Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			Rakvere			451.1 *
									Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian							Keila		Idavere †	453
						Turinian			Keila			453.7 *
									Haljala			453.9
									Haljala			Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Kukruse					456.4 *
					Whiterockian				Kukruse	Canadian †				Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Uhaku		Aluoja †				457.5 *
								Liben †							458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
				Dobrotivian											458.5 *
				Dobrotivian					Lasnamagi						458.9 *
				Oretanian					Lasnamagi						459.7 *
									Aseri						460.4 *
								Sarka †	Aseri						461.7 *
							Oeland		Kunda						462.9 *
									Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
									Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †								467.3
				Arenigian												468
						Rangerian										469.1 *
						Rangerian			Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian								Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
											Latorp †						470.1 *
									Hunneberg								473.7 *
						Tulean											473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadocian		Tulean											477.7
						Stairsian											480.3 *
						Stairsian			Varangu								481.3 *
						Skullrockian			Varangu							Demingian †	482 *
									Pakerort							Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan					Pakerort								Late Cambrian	485.4
									486.3 *
									486.5
					Sunwaptan													487.5
		Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan													489.5
		Jiangshanian			Steptoean													493 *
		Paibian			Steptoean													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Marjumian	Albertian †												Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian		Marjumian														500.5
		Wuliuan		Topazan														504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran														506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran	Waucoban †												Early Cambrian	509
		Stage 4		Dyeran														511 *
		Stage 3		Dyeran														514
				Montezuman														514.8 *
				Begadean														519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian																529
																			538.8