PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Sheridanian						0.0117
		Chibanian	Sheridanian						0.129
		Chibanian	Cudahyan/Sappan						0.21
		Calabrian	Cudahyan/Sappan						0.774
		Calabrian	Senecan/Rexroadian						1.4
		Gelasian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							2.58
		Zanclean							3.6
		Zanclean	Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian						4.7
	Miocene	Messinian							5.333
		Tortonian							7.246
		Tortonian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian						9.4
		Serravallian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian						11.63
		Serravallian	late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian						12.5
		Langhian							13.82
		Burdigalian							15.98
			Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian						16.3
			late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian					18.5
		Aquitanian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
				Monroecreekian					23.1 *
				Geringian					24.7 *
		Rupelian		Geringian					27.82
		Rupelian							29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian						33.9
		Priabonian							37
		Bartonian							37.71
		Bartonian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan						41.2
		Lutetian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian						46.2
		Ypresian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian						47.8
			Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean						50.5
					Cf3/Cf2/Cf1				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1				56
		Thanetian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1				56.2
		Selandian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1				59.2
		Selandian			To3/To2/To1				60.9
		Danian			To3/To2/To1				61.6
		Danian			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian							72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni		443.8
		Katian		Pirgu		445.2
				Vormsi		449.6 *
				Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
			Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
				Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian		Keila	Idavere †	453
				Haljala		453.9
				Kukruse		456.4 *
				Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku		458.4
				Lasnamagi		458.9 *
				Aseri		460.4 *
			Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
				Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
				Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian		Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian		Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
					Latorp †		470.1 *
				Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Hunneberg			477.7
				Varangu			481.3 *
				Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort	Late Cambrian			485.4
								486.3 *
								486.5
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Middle Cambrian			497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Early Cambrian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
									538.8