PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of China	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of North America						Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																		0
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
		Chibanian																		0.129
		Calabrian																		0.774
		Gelasian																		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Serravallian																		11.63
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian																		184.2
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Meishanian														251.902
		Changhsingian				Baoqingian														253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Laoshanian														254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Laibinian														257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Lengwuan														259.51
		Wordian				Kuhfengian														264.28
		Roadian				Kuhfengian														266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Luodianian														273.01
		Artinskian				Luodianian														283.5
		Artinskian				Longlinian														285.4 *
		Sakmarian			290.1	Longlinian
		Asselian			Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian			Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian				Gamachian		Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
							Richmondian			Pirgu	446 *
										Vormsi	449.6 *
			Berounian								449.7 *
							Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Maysvillian			Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
							Edenian			Nabala			450.4 *
							Edenian	Viru		Rakvere			450.6 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			Rakvere			451.1 *
										Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian								Keila		Idavere †	453
							Turinian			Keila			453.7 *
										Haljala			453.9
										Haljala			Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Kukruse					456.4 *
						Whiterockian				Kukruse	Canadian †				Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Uhaku		Aluoja †				457.5 *
									Liben †							458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian														458.4
			Dobrotivian													458.5 *
			Dobrotivian							Lasnamagi						458.9 *
			Oretanian							Lasnamagi						459.7 *
										Aseri						460.4 *
									Sarka †	Aseri						461.7 *
								Oeland		Kunda						462.9 *
										Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
										Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †								467.3
			Arenigian														468
							Rangerian										469.1 *
							Rangerian			Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian								Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
				Latorp †												470.1 *
										Hunneberg						473.7 *
							Tulean									473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian				Tulean									477.7
							Stairsian									480.3 *
							Stairsian			Varangu						481.3 *
							Skullrockian			Varangu						Demingian †	482 *
										Pakerort						Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Pakerort						Late Cambrian		485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
										487.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †						Middle Cambrian		497
		Drumian																500.5
		Wuliuan																Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4																Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3																	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian																	529
																				538.8