PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126150 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Carboniferous of Western Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Silurian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Chibanian									Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian									Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian									Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian									Waipipian					3
		Zanclean									Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean									Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian									Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian								Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian									Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian									Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian									Lillburnian					13.82
											Clifdenian					15.1
										Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian									Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian									Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian									Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Waitakian					23.03
											Duntroonian					25.2
											Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
										Arnold	Runangan					34.6
											Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian									Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian									Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian									Bortonian					41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
											Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian									Heretaungan					47.8
											Mangaorapan					48.9
											Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Teurian					56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian									Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian									Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
											Mangaotanean					90.5
											Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian									Arowhanan					93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
											Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Motuan					100.5
											Urutawan					103.3
										Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian									Korangan					113
		Aptian														117.5
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
		Asselian		Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
					Xiaodushanian	300 *
				Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
						Stephanian B	300.9 *
						Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian				Stephanian A	303.7
						Cantabrian	305 *
					Dalaun		305.8 *
		Moscovian					307
				Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Westphalian C	309.8
						Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian				Westphalian B	315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
					Huashibanian	Westphalian A	318.5 *
				Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
					Lousuan	Marsdenian	321.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
					Shangsian	Pendleian	330.8 *
		Visean		Warnantian	Shangsian	Brigantian †	330.9
				Warnantian	Jiusian	Brigantian †	335 *
				Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian		Tangbagouan	346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian		Tangbagouan	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Cayugan				419.2
	Pridoli		Niagaran				422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan				Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian					Gamachian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian		445.2
								Richmondian		446 *
								Richmondian	Eastonian	449 *
								Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian			450.4 *
			Mohawkian					Chatfieldian			451.1 *
									Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian									453
								Turinian			453.7 *
			Whiterockian							Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian			458.4
		Dapingian							Yapeenian			467.3
									Castlemainian			468.5 *
								Rangerian	Castlemainian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian					Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	Chewtonian	470
												Bendigonian	471.8 *
												Lancefieldian	473.5 *
								Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean					477.7
								Stairsian					480.3 *
								Skullrockian			Demingian †		482 *
											Demingian †	Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian												Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian												Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian											Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan											Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan											Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4											Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3											Dyeran		514
													Montezuman		514.8 *
													Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																538.8