PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126149 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Central Paratethys Stages		Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of Siberia			Silurian of England
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian			Pannonian							7.246
		Serravallian			Sarmatian							11.63
		Serravallian			Badenian							12.8 *
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian									33.9
		Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan									37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian		Bumbanian								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan									56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Buntsandstein					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Buntsandstein					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Ohre/Aller					259.51
		Wordian					Leine					264.28
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian										293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine		419.2
	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton		421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
		Gorstian						425.6
		Gorstian				Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas		427.4
		Homerian			Wych	Woolhope		428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Telychian		436.3 *
		Aeronian		438.5
		Aeronian		Cowleigh Park	439.3 *
		Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Tremadocian			477.7
		Tremadocian			Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian	Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
					Aksaian						490.7 *
					Sakian						492.2 *
										Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian									494
		Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian				Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian			Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan			Amgan/Solvan				Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan							Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Waucoban †	509
					Toyonian	Lenian †					510 *
					Toyonian				Dyeran		511 *
					Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3									514
									Montezuman		514.8 *
					Atdabanian				Montezuman		515.6 *
					Atdabanian				Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian						521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †					529
												538.8