PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126150 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene		Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene		Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene		Mangapanian							2.58
		Piacenzian	Late Pliocene		Waipipian							3
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene		Waipipian							3.6
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene		Opoitian							3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene		Waiauan							11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian							13.82
					Clifdenian							15.1
				Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene		Altonian							15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene		Waitakian							23.03
					Duntroonian							25.2
					Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene									33.9
				Arnold	Runangan							34.6
					Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene		Kaiatan							37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian							41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
					Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian	Early Eocene		Heretaungan							47.8
					Mangaorapan							48.9
					Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene		Teurian							56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian			Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
					Mangaotanean							90.5
					Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan							93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
					Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan							100.5
					Urutawan							103.3
				Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian			Korangan							113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Dorashamian	Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Dzhulfian	Buntsandstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian	Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian				Midian	Leine	264.28
		Wordian				Murgabian	Leine	266.2 *
		Roadian				Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian		273.01
		Kungurian				Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian				Bolorian		283.5
		Artinskian				Yakhtashian		286
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian				Asselian		293.52
		Asselian				Asselian		Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Kuzel	298.9
								Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian							Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian							Cantabrian	307
								Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
									Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian							Westphalian B	315.2
									Westphalian A	317 *
								Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
			Marsdenian						320.2 *
			Kinderscoutian						321.5 *
			Alportian						322 *
			Chokierian						323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chokierian						323.2
			Arnsbergian						324 *
			Pendleian						327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian					Brigantian †	330.9
			Livian					Asbian †	336.3 *
			Moliniacian					Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian						346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian						353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni				443.8
		Katian			Pirgu				445.2
					Vormsi				449.6 *
					Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
				Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
					Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian			Keila				Idavere †	453
					Haljala					453.9
					Kukruse					456.4 *
					Uhaku				Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku					458.4
					Lasnamagi					458.9 *
					Aseri					460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda					462.9 *
					Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
					Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Volkhov		467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
							Latorp †			470.1 *
					Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg					477.7
					Varangu					481.3 *
					Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
										Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Marjumian			Albertian †	497
		Drumian					Marjumian				500.5
		Wuliuan					Topazan				504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran			Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4					Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran				514
							Montezuman				514.8 *
							Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
												538.8