PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126150 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of Britain				Silurian of North America		Cambrian of Australia	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Chibanian														Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian														Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian														Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian														Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian														Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †				Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian														Waipipian	3
		Zanclean														Waipipian	3.6
		Zanclean														Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian													Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian														Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian														Tongaporutuan	7.246
		Tortonian													Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian														Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian														Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian														Lillburnian	13.82
																Clifdenian	15.1
															Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian														Altonian	15.98
		Burdigalian														Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian														Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian													Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														Waitakian	23.03
																Duntroonian	25.2
																Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
															Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian														Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian														Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian														Bortonian	41.2
															Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian														Heretaungan	47.8
																Mangaorapan	48.9
																Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian														Teurian	56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Lancian/Edmontonian				Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian									Judithian/Aquilan					Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian														Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian													Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
																Mangaotanean	90.5
																Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian														Arowhanan	93.9
															Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
																Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														Motuan	100.5
																Urutawan	103.3
															Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian														Korangan	113
		Aptian															117.5
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill		Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan		445.2
							Cautleyan		448.9 *
							Pusgillian		449.3 *
					Caradoc		Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan			451.5 *
							Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
			Aurelucian				456.8 *		Longvillian †
			Aurelucian				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig		Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian					470
					Whitlandian					471.1 *
					Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian					477.7
			Tremadoc		Cressagian					480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Late Cambrian	Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
											Payntonian		486.8 *
											Payntonian		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									Iverian		Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Iverian		Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian									Idamean		Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Middle Cambrian	Mindyallan	Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian									Boomerangian				499
		Drumian		Undillan							500.5
		Drumian		Floran							503
		Wuliuan		Templetonian							Stage 5 †		Topazan		504.5
				Templetonian									Delamaran		506.5
				Ordian											507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian						Early Cambrian				Waucoban †	509
															510.8 *
													Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3											Dyeran		514
													Montezuman		514.8 *
													Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																	538.8