PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125945 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian								0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian								0.129
			Ensenadan								0.3 *
						Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian					0.774
						Nukumaruan					1.63
			Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian									1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean								2.58
			Chapadmalalan								2.9 *
						Waipipian					3
		Zanclean				Waipipian					3.6
			Montehermosan			Opoitian					3.7 *
			Huayquerian			Opoitian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian									7.246
			Chasicoan								7.9 *
			Mayoan								9.9 *
			Laventan								10.9 *
					Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian				Waiauan					11.63
						Lillburnian					13.05
			Colloncuran								13.7 *
		Langhian									13.82
						Clifdenian					15.1
			Friasian			Clifdenian					15.4 *
					Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian									15.98
			Santacrucian								16.2 *
			Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
						Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian									20.44
			Deseadan								20.9 *
					Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian					23.03
						Duntroonian					25.2
						Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican								28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
					Arnold	Runangan					34.6
			Divisaderan			Runangan					35.9 *
						Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian									41.2
			Mustersan								41.9 *
					Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
						Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian									47.8
			Casamayoran								47.9 *
						Mangaorapan					48.9
						Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican			Teurian					56
			Itaboraian								56.9 *
			Peligran								58.9 *
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan								62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian				Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
						Mangaotanean	90.5
						Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan	93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian			Korangan	113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian			Gamachian	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian	445.2
						Richmondian	446 *
						Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian		450.4 *
			Mohawkian			Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian				Chatfieldian		453
						Turinian		453.7 *
			Whiterockian				Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Dapingian			467.3
		Dapingian			Rangerian	469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian		Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
		Floian			Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tulean				477.7
				Stairsian	480.3 *
				Skullrockian	Demingian †			482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian						Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan						Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan						Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4						Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3						Dyeran		514
								Montezuman		514.8 *
								Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
											538.8