International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
  • J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
  • M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
  • J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128315 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescalePermian of the PamirsAmmonite Chrons of Northwest EuropeCretaceous-Cenozoic of New ZealandPermian of ChinaNorth American Mammal Subages/Zones
QuaternaryHoloceneMeghalayanWanganuiHaweran0
Northgrippian0.0042
Greenlandian0.0082
PleistoceneLate PleistoceneSheridanian0.0117
Chibanian0.129
Cudahyan/Sappan0.21
Castlecliffian0.34
Calabrian0.774
Senecan/Rexroadian1.4
Nukumaruan1.63
Gelasian1.8
Mangapanian2.4
NeogenePliocenePiacenzian2.58
Waipipian3
Zanclean3.6
Opoitian3.7
Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian4.7
MioceneMessinianTaranakiKapitean5.333
Tongaporutuan7.2
Tortonian7.246
Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian9.4
SouthlandWaiauan11.04
Serravallian11.63
late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian12.5
Lillburnian13.05
Langhian13.82
Clifdenian15.1
PareoraAltonian15.9
Burdigalian15.98
Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian16.3
late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early ArikareeanHarrisonian18.5
Otaian18.7
Aquitanian20.44
LandonWaitakian21.7
PaleogeneOligoceneChattian23.03
Monroecreekian23.1 *
Geringian24.7 *
Duntroonian25.2
Whaingaroan27.3
Rupelian27.82
29.5
EocenePriabonianLate Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian33.9
ArnoldRunangan34.6
Kaiatan36.7
37
Bartonian37.71
Bortonian39.1
Late Uintan/Early Uintan39.7
Lutetian41.2
DannevirkePorangan42.6
Heretaungan45.7
Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian46.2
Ypresian47.8
Mangaorapan48.9
Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean50.5
Waipawan52
Cf3/Cf2/Cf154.9
PaleoceneThanetianTeurian56
Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti156.2
Selandian59.2
To3/To2/To160.9
Danian61.6
Pu3/Pu2/Pu163.8
CretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtianMataHaumurian66
Campanian72.1
SantonianPiripauan83.6
RaukumaraTeratan86.1
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
Mangaotanean90.5
Arowhanan93.7
Cenomanian93.9
ClarenceNgaterian95.2
Motuan99.5
Early CretaceousAlbian100.5
Urutawan103.3
TaitaiKorangan108.4
Aptian113
117.5
Barremian121.4
Hauterivian125.77
Valanginian132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonian145
Kimmeridgian149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
Bathonian165.3
BajocianParkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites168.2
Humphresianum168.4
AalenianConcavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum170.9
Early JurassicToarcianLevesquei/Variabilis/BifronsThouarsense174.7
180.1
Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum182
PliensbachianSpinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni184.2
SinemurianRaricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi192.9
HettangianAngulata/Liasicus/Planorbis199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetian201.4
Norian208.5
Carnian227
Middle TriassicLadinian237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekian247.2
Induan251.2
PermianLopingianChanghsingianDorashamianMeishanian251.902
Baoqingian253.4 *
WuchiapingianDzhulfianLaoshanian254.14
Laibinian257.7 *
GuadalupianCapitanianMidianLengwuan259.51
WordianKuhfengian264.28
Murgabian266.2 *
Roadian266.9
CisuralianKungurianKubergandianLuodianian273.01
Bolorian279.8
Artinskian283.5
Longlinian285.4 *
Yakhtashian286
SakmarianSakmarian290.1
AsselianAsselianZisongian293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelian298.9
300.1