PBDB Timescale

Carboniferous of Western Europe

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 3291 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6		0
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian					0.129
		Calabrian					0.774
		Gelasian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					5.333
		Tortonian					7.246
		Serravallian			Cenozoic 5		11.63
		Langhian					13.82
		Burdigalian					15.98
		Aquitanian					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Cenozoic 4		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3		33.9
		Bartonian			Cenozoic 3		37.71
		Lutetian			Cenozoic 2		41.2
		Ypresian			Cenozoic 2		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1		56
		Selandian					59.2
		Danian					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8		66
		Campanian			Cretaceous 7		72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6		83.6
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4		100.5
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3		113
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2		121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian			Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian			Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian			Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian			Permian 1	Bursumian †	293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel		Permian 1	Bursumian †	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Kuzel	Carboniferous 5	Virgilian	298.9
			Stephanian			Stephanian C	300.3 *
						Stephanian B	300.9 *
						Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Missourian	Stephanian A	303.7
					Missourian	Cantabrian	305 *
					Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4			307
			Westphalian			Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Westphalian C	309.8
					Atokan	Westphalian C	312.7 *
						Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian				Westphalian B	315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
					Morrowan	Westphalian A	318.4 *
			Namurian			Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3	Chesterian	Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †		Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Warnantian	Brigantian †	Meramecian		335.8 *
			Livian	Asbian †			336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			340.2 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		Osagean	Carboniferous 1	346.7
			Ivorian		Kinderhookian		351.9 *
			Hastarian		Kinderhookian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Cambrian 4		497
		Drumian			Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan			Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Cambrian 3		509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			Cambrian 1		529
							538.8