PBDB Timescale

Carboniferous of Western Europe

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 3291 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of China	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous Subepochs
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian									11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Meishanian						251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian						253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian	Zechstein		Longtanian †			254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Laibinian	Zechstein		Longtanian †			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan	Rotliegendes					259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian						264.28
		Roadian			Kuhfengian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian						273.01
		Artinskian			Luodianian	Autunian					283.5
		Artinskian			Longlinian						285.4 *
		Sakmarian			Longlinian						290.1
		Asselian			Zisongian						293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel								297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
											300.1
			Stephanian	Stephanian C							300.3 *
				Stephanian B							300.9 *
				Stephanian A					301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Stephanian A					303.7
		Kasimovian		Cantabrian					305 *
		Moscovian		Cantabrian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Westphalian	Westphalian D						307.4 *
				Westphalian C						309.8
				Westphalian B						314.6
		Bashkirian		Westphalian B					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
				Westphalian A						317 *
			Namurian	Yeadonian						318.8 *
				Marsdenian						320.2 *
				Kinderscoutian						321.5 *
				Alportian						322 *
				Chokierian						323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian					Late Mississippian	323.2
				Arnsbergian						324 *
				Pendleian						327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †			Middle Mississippian		330.9
			Livian	Asbian †					336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian					340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian				Early Mississippian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian				Early Mississippian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		504.5
											509