PBDB Timescale

Carboniferous of Western Europe

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 3291 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of China	Permian of North America		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of China
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Meishanian			Dorashamian					251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian			Dorashamian					253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian			Dzhulfian		Longtanian †			254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Laibinian			Dzhulfian		Longtanian †			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan	Capitanian		Midian					259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian	Wordian		Midian					264.28
		Wordian				Wordian		Murgabian					266.2 *
		Roadian				Roadian		Murgabian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	Kubergandian					273.01
							Cathedralian	Bolorian					279.8
							Hessian						281.9 *
		Artinskian											283.5
					Longlinian								285.4 *
								Yakhtashian					286
						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	Yakhtashian					286.1 *
		Sakmarian					Lenoxian	Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian			Zisongian		Nealian	Asselian					293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel	297.7			Nealian	Asselian
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
								Xiaodushanian			300 *
											300.1
			Stephanian								Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian									Stephanian A	303.7
											Cantabrian	305 *
								Dalaun				305.8 *
		Moscovian										307
			Westphalian								Westphalian D	307.4 *
											Westphalian C	309.8
											Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian									Westphalian B	315.2
											Westphalian A	317 *
								Huashibanian			Westphalian A	318.5 *
			Namurian						Yeadonian		318.8 *
									Marsdenian		320.2 *
								Lousuan	Marsdenian		321.2 *
									Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
									Alportian		322 *
									Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Dewunian	Chokierian		323.2
									Arnsbergian		324 *
									Pendleian		327.4 *
								Shangsian	Pendleian		330.8 *
		Visean	Warnantian					Shangsian	Brigantian †		330.9
			Warnantian					Jiusian	Brigantian †		335 *
			Livian						Asbian †		336.3 *
			Moliniacian						Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian						Tangbagouan		346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian						Tangbagouan		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †	504.5
													509