PBDB Timescale

Carboniferous of Western Europe

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 3291 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous of North America	Permian of China	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous Subepochs
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Meishanian						251.902
		Changhsingian				Baoqingian						253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian	Zechstein		Longtanian †			254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Laibinian	Zechstein		Longtanian †			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Lengwuan	Rotliegendes					259.51
		Wordian				Kuhfengian						264.28
		Roadian				Kuhfengian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Luodianian						273.01
		Artinskian				Luodianian	Autunian					283.5
		Artinskian				Longlinian						285.4 *
		Sakmarian				Longlinian						290.1
		Asselian			Bursumian †	Zisongian						293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel		Bursumian †							297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
												300.1
			Stephanian	Stephanian C								300.3 *
				Stephanian B								300.9 *
				Stephanian A						301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Stephanian A	Missourian					303.7
				Cantabrian	Missourian					305 *
					Desmoinesian					305.9 *
		Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Westphalian	Westphalian D							307.4 *
				Westphalian C							309.8
				Westphalian C	Atokan						312.7 *
				Westphalian B							314.6
		Bashkirian		Westphalian B						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
				Westphalian A							317 *
				Westphalian A	Morrowan						318.4 *
			Namurian	Yeadonian							318.8 *
				Marsdenian							320.2 *
				Kinderscoutian							321.5 *
				Alportian							322 *
				Chokierian							323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian	Chesterian			Late Mississippian		323.2
				Arnsbergian						324 *
				Pendleian						327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †				Middle Mississippian		330.9
			Warnantian	Brigantian †	Meramecian					335.8 *
			Livian	Asbian †						336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian						340.2 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Osagean					343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		Osagean			Early Mississippian		346.7
			Ivorian		Kinderhookian					351.9 *
			Hastarian		Kinderhookian					353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	504.5
												509