PBDB Timescale

Carboniferous of Western Europe

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 3291 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous of North America	Carboniferous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					0
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian					0.129
		Calabrian					0.774
		Gelasian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					5.333
		Tortonian					7.246
		Serravallian					11.63
		Langhian					13.82
		Burdigalian					15.98
		Aquitanian					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					33.9
		Bartonian					37.71
		Lutetian					41.2
		Ypresian					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					56
		Selandian					59.2
		Danian					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian					72.1
		Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					100.5
		Aptian					113
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian			Bursumian †		293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel		Bursumian †		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Kuzel	Virgilian	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Stephanian			Stephanian C	300.3 *
						Stephanian B	300.9 *
						Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Missourian		Stephanian A	303.7
				Missourian		Cantabrian	305 *
				Desmoinesian			305.9 *
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian		307
			Westphalian			Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Westphalian C	309.8
				Atokan		Westphalian C	312.7 *
						Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B	315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
				Morrowan		Westphalian A	318.4 *
			Namurian			Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian	Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian		Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Warnantian	Meramecian	Brigantian †		335.8 *
			Livian		Asbian †		336.3 *
			Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
			Moliniacian	Osagean	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian	Osagean		Early Mississippian	346.7
			Ivorian	Kinderhookian			351.9 *
			Hastarian	Kinderhookian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
							419.2