PBDB Timescale

Carboniferous of Western Europe

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 3291 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				0
		Northgrippian				0.0042
		Greenlandian				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian				0.129
		Calabrian				0.774
		Gelasian				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				5.333
		Tortonian				7.246
		Serravallian				11.63
		Langhian				13.82
		Burdigalian				15.98
		Aquitanian				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				33.9
		Bartonian				37.71
		Lutetian				41.2
		Ypresian				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				56
		Selandian				59.2
		Danian				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian				72.1
		Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				100.5
		Aptian				113
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel			297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Kuzel	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
					Stephanian B	300.9 *
					Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian			Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	Cantabrian	307
			Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
					Westphalian C	309.8
					Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B	315.2
					Westphalian A	317 *
			Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
					Marsdenian	320.2 *
					Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
					Alportian	322 *
					Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
					Arnsbergian	324 *
					Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian		Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
						419.2