Kirtlington 3p (Mammal Bed) (Jurassic of the United Kingdom)

Also known as Kirtlington Cement Quarry

Where: England, United Kingdom (51.9° N, 1.3° W: paleocoordinates 41.5° N, 9.1° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Forest Marble Formation (Great Oolite Group), Late/Upper Bathonian (167.7 - 164.7 Ma)

• Oppelia aspidoides zone

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: mire or swamp; unlithified marl

• "deposited under non-marine conditions in a swampy coastal region" (Gardner et al. 2003)
• "nonmarine clay" and "unconsolidated marl"

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Collected by Team from University College, London, led by the late Prof. K.A. Kermack; reposited in the BMNH

Collection methods: bulk, sieve,

• BDUC collection, Biology Department, University College, London

Primary reference: E. P. Freeman. 1976. Mammal teeth from the Forest Marble (Middle Jurassic) of Oxfordshire, England. Science 194(4269):1053-1055 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/R. Benson]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 39075: authorized by Matthew Carrano, entered by Matthew Carrano on 19.05.2004, edited by Kaitlin Maguire, Terri Cleary, John Alroy, Roger Benson, Richard Butler and Philip Mannion

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
Amphibia
 Temnospondyli - Albanerpetontidae
Anoualerpeton priscus n. sp.13
Anoualerpeton priscus n. sp.13 Gardner et al. 2003 tetrapod
 Caudata -
Caudata "indet. A"11, Caudata "indet. B"11, Marmorerpeton sp.10, Marmorerpeton freemani n. sp.10, Marmorerpeton kermacki n. gen. n. sp.10
Caudata "indet. A"11 salamander
"Salamander A (common form)"
Caudata "indet. B"11 salamander
"Salamander B (small form)"
Marmorerpeton sp.10 Evans et al. 1988 salamander
Marmorerpeton freemani n. sp.10 Evans et al. 1988 salamander
Marmorerpeton kermacki n. gen. n. sp.10 Evans et al. 1988 salamander
 Salientia - Discoglossidae
Eodiscoglossus oxoniensis n. sp.11
Eodiscoglossus oxoniensis n. sp.11 Evans et al. 1990 painted frog
Osteichthyes
 Therapsida - Tritylodontidae
Tritylodontidae indet.12, Stereognathus ooliticus16
Tritylodontidae indet.12 Cope 1884 cynodont
four cusps or parts of cusps, and a complete incisor similar to Oligokyphus (FM/K 6 [=BMNH M36506])
Stereognathus ooliticus16 Charlesworth 1854 cynodont
NHMUK, OUMNH
Mammalia
 Shuotheridia - Shuotheriidae
Shuotherium sp.18, ? Shuotherium sp.18
Shuotherium sp.18 Chow and Rich 1982 mammal
J.439, a lower left tooth
? Shuotherium sp.18 Chow and Rich 1982 mammal
J.789, right molar; J.808, left upper molar; J.235, left upper molar
 Allotheria -
Allotheria indet.2
Allotheria indet.2 mammal
BMNH M46234, left I2
 Multituberculata - Paulchoffatiidae
? Paulchoffatiidae indet.12
? Paulchoffatiidae indet.12 Hahn 1969 multituberculate
FM/K 43 (=BMNH M36543): a partial upper incisor referred to as a 'multituberculate or tritylodontid incisor' by Freeman (1979); transferred to just Paulchoffatiidae indet. by Hahn (1993)
 Multituberculata - Hahnotheriidae
Hahnotherium antiquum n. gen. n. sp.2
Hahnotherium antiquum n. gen. n. sp.2 Butler and Hooker 2005 multituberculate
BMNH M46797, a left second upper molar. Described by Kermack et al. 1998: 596, figs. 19B, 21 as Eleutherodon oxfordensis, group
 Allotheria -
Woodeatonia parva15
Woodeatonia parva15 Mao et al. 2022 mammal
NHMUK PV M 46818 (a referred specimen of “Kirtlingtonia catenata”
 Allotheria - Kermackodontidae
"Eleutherodon oxfordensis n. gen. n. sp." = Kermackodon oxfordensis14, "Kermackodon multicuspis n. gen. n. sp." = Kermackodon oxfordensis2, "Kirtlingtonia catenata n. gen. n. sp." = Kermackodon oxfordensis2
"Eleutherodon oxfordensis n. gen. n. sp." = Kermackodon oxfordensis14 Kermack et al. 1998 mammal
"Kermackodon multicuspis n. gen. n. sp." = Kermackodon oxfordensis2 Kermack et al. 1998 mammal
BMNH M46822, a left upper molar (M2)
"Kirtlingtonia catenata n. gen. n. sp." = Kermackodon oxfordensis2 Kermack et al. 1998 mammal
BMNH M46497, the crown of a right upper molar, probably unerupted; BMNH M46579, right upper molar with root
 Dryolestoidea - Dryolestidae
? Dryolestidae indet.
? Dryolestidae indet. Marsh 1879 mammal
 Cladotheria - Amphitheriidae
? Amphitherium sp.12
? Amphitherium sp.12 de Blainville 1838 mammal
FM/K 16 (=BMNH M36516), a left lower molar minus its talonid
 Zatheria -
Palaeoxonodon ooliticus n. gen. n. sp.
Palaeoxonodon ooliticus n. gen. n. sp. Freeman 1976 mammal
 Prototribosphenida -
Amphitheria indet.12
Amphitheria indet.12 Kermack et al. 1968 mammal
FM/K 32 (=BMNH M36532)
 Pantotheria -
Eupantotheria indet.
Eupantotheria indet. Kermack and Musset 1958 mammal
Osteichthyes
 Cynodontia -
Haramiyida sp.2
Haramiyida sp.2 mammaliaform
BDUC J 562 is a relatively small molariform tooth: Interpretation of J 562 must await the discovery of further material; at present it can only be classified incertae sedis
 Morganucodonta - Megazostrodontidae
Wareolestes rex n. gen. n. sp.12
Wareolestes rex n. gen. n. sp.12 Freeman 1979 mammaliaform
 Docodonta - Docodontidae
Peraiocynodon major n. sp.19, Cyrtlatherium canei n. gen. n. sp.12, Borealestes serendipitus19, Borealestes mussetti n. sp.19
Peraiocynodon major n. sp.19 Sigogneau-Russell 2003 dodocont
Cyrtlatherium canei n. gen. n. sp.12 Freeman 1979 dodocont
Borealestes serendipitus19 Waldman and Savage 1972 dodocont
Borealestes mussetti n. sp.19 Sigogneau-Russell 2003 dodocont
 Docodonta - Simpsonodontidae
Simpsonodon oxfordensis n. gen. n. sp.19
Simpsonodon oxfordensis n. gen. n. sp.19 Kermack et al. 1987 dodocont
Holotpe: J. 100, fragment of right ramus of lower jaw with three postcanine teeth
 Docodonta - Tegotheriidae
Krusatodon kirtlingtonensis n. gen. n. sp.19, "Shuotherium kermacki n. sp." = Paritatodon kermacki18
Krusatodon kirtlingtonensis n. gen. n. sp.19 Sigogneau-Russell 2003 dodocont
"Shuotherium kermacki n. sp." = Paritatodon kermacki18 Sigogneau-Russell 1998 dodocont
J.612, left lower molar; J226, right lower molar
Reptilia
 Testudines -
Cryptodira "histomorph II"17
Cryptodira "histomorph II"17 turtle
Histomorph II is represented only by a single specimen (IPB R589)
 Testudinata - Pleurosternidae
Pleurosternidae "histomorph I"17
 Pterosauria -
Pterosauria indet.21, Rhamphorhynchoidea indet.9
Pterosauria indet.21 pterosaur
Rhamphorhynchoidea indet.9 Plieninger 1901 pterosaur
Teeth
 Ornithischia -
cf. Alocodon sp.8
cf. Alocodon sp.8 Thulborn 1975 ornithischian
 Saurischia -
? Cetiosaurus sp.12
? Cetiosaurus sp.12 Owen 1841 sauropod
 Theropoda -
Maniraptora indet.1
Maniraptora indet.1 Gauthier 1986 maniraptoran
 Theropoda - Megalosauridae
Megalosaurus sp.1
Megalosaurus sp.1 Parkinson 1822 tetanuran theropod
 Loricata - Atoposauridae
cf. Theriosuchus sp.20
cf. Theriosuchus sp.20 Owen 1878 crocodilian
 Loricata - Goniopholididae
cf. Goniopholis sp.8
cf. Goniopholis sp.8 Owen 1842 crocodilian
 Lepidosauria -
Sphenodontia indet.8
 Eosuchia -
Marmoretta oxoniensis n. gen. n. sp.5
Marmoretta oxoniensis n. gen. n. sp.5 Evans 1991 crown diapsid
BMNH R.12020–12146
 Choristodera - Cteniogenyidae
Cteniogenys sp.4
Cteniogenys sp.4 Gilmore 1928 choristodere
"Reptile B"; NHMUK specimens - skull and postcranial remains
 Squamata -
Parviraptor cf. estesi6, Anguimorpha indet.8, Eophis underwoodi n. gen. n. sp.3, Scincomorpha indet.8, Balnealacerta silvestris n. gen. n. sp.7, Bellairsia gracilis n. gen. n. sp.7
Parviraptor cf. estesi6 Evans 1994 squamates
Series of dissociated elements including BMNH R12353, a left parietal; R12356, a partial left frontal; R12357, left frontal of a juvenile; R12358, another left frontal of a juvenile; R12359, partial left frontal; R12360, axis vertabra; R12361, partial dorsal vertebra; R12362, partial dorsal vert.; R12363, dorsal vert. of juvenile; R12364, fragment of vertebral condyle; R12365, dorsal vert.; R12366, anterior caudal vert.; R12367, anterior caudal vert.; R12368, anterior part of an autotomized caudal vert.; R12369, posterior part of an autotomized vert.; further collection of about 100 dissociated jaws, skull bones and vertebrae. Other specimens from the same reference have subseq. been erected under new taxon Eophis underwoodi
Anguimorpha indet.8 squamates
Eophis underwoodi n. gen. n. sp.3 Caldwell et al. 2015 snake
NHMUK R12355, symphyseal portion of right dentary; NHMUK R12354, midsection right dentary; NHMUK R12370, posterior portion of right dentary; NHMUK R12352, fragment of left maxilla
Balnealacerta silvestris n. gen. n. sp.7 Evans 1998 squamates
BMNH R12669 (holotype), partial left dentary; BMNH R12670, right maxilla; BMNH R12671, R12672, two left premaxillae; BMNH R12673, R12634, R12635 three frontals; further specimens not further elaborated on
Bellairsia gracilis n. gen. n. sp.7 Evans 1998 squamates
BMNH R12678 (holotype), partial left dentary; BMNH R12679, fragment of right maxilla; BMNH R12680, left premaxilla; further dentary specimens not further elaborated on
 Squamata - Paramacellodidae
Saurillodon sp.9, Saurillodon marmorensis n. sp.7
Saurillodon sp.9 Estes 1983 squamates
Saurillodon marmorensis n. sp.7 Evans 1998 squamates
BMNH R12650 (holotype), right dentary; BMNH R12651, symphyseal region of right dentary; BMNH R12653, right maxilla; BMNH R12652, left premaxilla; plus "range of highly distinctive vertebrae including BMNH R12654-12668"
 Squamata -
? Gekkota indet.9, Oxiella tenuis n. gen. n. sp.7
? Gekkota indet.9 Cuvier 1817 squamates
Oxiella tenuis n. gen. n. sp.7 Evans 1998 squamates
BMNH R12689 (holotype), left dentary
Gnathostomata
  -
Actinopterygii indet.12
Actinopterygii indet.12 ray-finned fish
197+ scales, 6+ vertebrae
Actinopteri
 Lepisosteiformes -
cf. Lepidotes sp.9
cf. Lepidotes sp.9 Agassiz 1832 gar
 Holostei -
Pycnodontoidea indet.9
 Amiiformes -
? Amioidea indet.9
? Amioidea indet.9 Bonaparte 1838 bowfin
Chondrichthyes
 Hybodontiformes - Hybodontidae
Hybodus sp.12
Hybodus sp.12 Agassiz 1834 elasmobranch
 Hybodontiformes - Acrodontidae
Asteracanthus sp.12
Asteracanthus sp.12 Agassiz 1836 elasmobranch
 Hybodontiformes -
Lissodus sp.9
Lissodus sp.9 Brough 1935 elasmobranch
unclassified
  -
Charophyta indet.9
Charophyta indet.9 Migula 1890
Pteridopsida
  -
"Triletes" sp.9
"Triletes" sp.9 Reinsch 1881
megaspores
1Benton and Spencer 1995; 2Butler and Hooker 2005; 3Caldwell et al. 2015; 4Evans 1989; 5Evans 1991; 6Evans 1994; 7Evans 1998; 8Evans and Milner 1991; 9Evans and Milner 1994; 10Evans et al. 1988; 11Evans et al. 1990; 12Freeman 1979; 13Gardner et al. 2003; 14Kermack et al. 1998; 15Mao et al. 2022; 16Panciroli et al. 2017; 17Scheyer and Anquetin 2008; 18Sigogneau-Russell 1998; 19Sigogneau-Russell 2003; 20Tennant et al. 2016; 21Unwin 1996