Rhynchonellata - Orthida - Orthidae
Parent taxon: Orthoidea according to M. Liljeroth et al. 2017
See also Alikhova 1953, Benedetto 2003, Bruton et al. 1984, Egerquist 2003, Hansen and Holmer 2011, Hints 2014, Huxley 1869, Jaanusson and Bassett 1993, Mitchell 1977, Neuman 1964, Neuman and Bruton 1974, Oraspold 1956, Oraspold 1959, Owen and Harper 1982, Phleger 1933, Popov et al. 2009, Potter 1990, Raymond 1911, Rubel 1961, Williams et al. 2000 and Wright 1964
Sister taxa: Anomalorthidae, Archaeorthidae, Bajanorthis, Bohemiellidae, Cathaysiorthidae, Glyptorthidae, Hesperonomiidae, Hesperorthidae, Lycophoriidae, Malinella, Nugnecella, Orthidiellidae, Ottadalenites, Plaesiomyidae, Poramborthidae, Productorthidae, Skenidioidae, Tarfayidae, Turarella, Whittardiidae, Zhejiangorthis, Dolerorthidae, Dinorthidae
Subtaxa: Almadenorthis Bastamorthis Boreadorthis Diochthofera Duolobella Gutiorthis Lenorthis Leoniorthis Orthambonites Orthinae Orthis Orthostrophella Orthostrophia Palaeowingella Paralenorthis Rogorthis Sinorthis Sulcatorthis Sulevorthis Suriorthis Taphrorthis Trondorthis
Ecology: stationary epifaunal suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Jurassic of France (1 collection)
• Permian of India (1), Laos (1), Pakistan (4), Slovenia (1)
• Carboniferous to Permian of Bolivia (1)
• Carboniferous of Australia (1), Spain (1)
• Devonian of Argentina (1), Australia (1), Canada (2: Quebec), Colombia (1), South Africa (3), United States (26: Alaska, Nevada, New York, Tennessee)
• Silurian to Devonian of United States (1: Oklahoma)
• Silurian of Argentina (1), Bolivia (1), Brazil (1), Canada (4: Northwest Territories, Quebec, Québec), China (1), the Czech Republic (4), India (5), Italy (1), Mauritania (2), United States (31: Arkansas, Indiana, New York, Oklahoma, Wisconsin)
• Dobrotivian of France (5), Morocco (1), Spain (4)
• Aluoja of Estonia (4), the Russian Federation (1)
• Chazyan of Canada (2: Quebec), United States (27: Alabama, California, New York, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont)
• Whiterockian of United States (47: California, Maine, Nevada, Utah)
• Fennian of France (1), United States (1: Nevada)
• Volkhov of Argentina (1), Estonia (6), the Russian Federation (36)
• Langevoja of Estonia (4), the Russian Federation (1)
• Hunderum of Estonia (1), the Russian Federation (1), Sweden (4)
• Valaste of Estonia (19), Haiti (1), Sweden (2)
• Klabava of France (1)
• Arenig of Argentina (10), Bolivia (3), Canada (1: New Brunswick), China (63), France (1), the United Kingdom (18)
• Dawan of China (16)
• Arenigian of Argentina (8), Canada (1: Northwest Territories), the Russian Federation (1), United States (2: Maine)
• Ordovician of Argentina (5), Australia (14), Belarus (1), Belgium (13), Bolivia (3), Canada (11: Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Northwest Terrorities, Nunavut), China (65), the Czech Republic (1), Estonia (56), France (2), Iran (10), Ireland (6), Kazakhstan (19), Latvia (3), Lithuania (15), Morocco (1), North Korea (1), Norway (15), Peru (11), Poland (1), Portugal (2), the Russian Federation (64), South Korea (1), Spain (8), Sweden (20), the United Kingdom (59), United States (97: Alabama, Alaska, California, Kentucky, Maine, Missouri, Nevada, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia), Venezuela (1)
• Tremadoc of China (11), the Czech Republic (1), Iran (3), United States (1: Vermont)
• Ibexian of United States (3: Nevada, New York)
Total: 915 collections including 1091 occurrences