Hammanskraal (Ham 1) (Permian of South Africa)

Where: Gauteng, South Africa (25.5° S, 28.5° E)

• Paleocoordinates: 63.8° S, 26.8° W (Wright 2013)

• coordinate estimated from map

When: Vryheid Formation (Middle Ecca Group), Kungurian (279.3 - 272.3 Ma)

Environment/lithology: fluvial-lacustrine; gray shale

• "fluviatile-lacustrine, coal swamps, localised basin" (Anderson and Anderson 1985 (ref. 6188))
• "medium light grey, well laminated shale" (Anderson and Anderson 1985 (ref. 6188))

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: mold/impression

Reposited in the BPI

Collection methods: salvage,

• "The bulk of the available collection was forwarded (c1965) to BPI, GSP [Geological Survey in Pretoria] & PUB [Pretoria University Botany Department] by Mr. Lombard, manager of the brick quarry." (Anderson and Anderson 1985 (ref. 6188))

Primary reference: J. M. Anderson and H. M. Anderson. 1985. Palaeoflora of Southern Africa. Prodromus of South African Megafloras Devonian to Lower Cretaceous 1-423 [P. Gensel/P. Gensel/P. Wagner]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 14281: authorized by Hallie Sims, entered by Heather Lindon on 29.05.2002

Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)

Taxonomic list

unclassified
  -
Azaniodendron fertile
The 8% of specimens are not assigned to a plant organ, but also present are 5 female fruit specimens
Liknopetalon enigmata
bisexual sporangia
Cyclodendron leslii
  -
Cyclodendron leslii Seward 1903
 Cordaitales -
Arberia madagascariensis
leaves, also lists 1 female fruit and 10 seed specimens
Pteridopsida
 Filicales -
"Sphenopteris lobifolia" = Neomariopteris lobifolia, Botrychiopsis valida
"Sphenopteris lobifolia" = Neomariopteris lobifolia Morris 1845
Polypodiopsida
 Marattiales - Marattiidae
Asterotheca hammanskraalensis
The 10% of specimens are not assigned to a plant organ, but also present are "many" bisexual sporangia
 Equisetales - Equisetidae
Equisetopsida
 Sphenophyllales -
Dictyopteridiopsida
 Dictyopteridiales - Dictyopteridiaceae
Hirsutum leslii
leaves, also lists "many" fertiliger, 50 female fruit and 100 seed specimens
  -
"Palaeovittaria kurzii" = Palaeovittaria kurzi
"Palaeovittaria kurzii" = Palaeovittaria kurzi Feistmantel 1876
Arberiopsida
 Glossopteridales -
"Glossopteridales "scale-leaf gen. A"" = Arberiales, "Glossopteridales "scale-leaf gen. D"" = Arberiales
"Glossopteridales "scale-leaf gen. A"" = Arberiales Meyen 1982
"Glossopteridales "scale-leaf gen. D"" = Arberiales Meyen 1982
 Arberiales -
Ottokaria hammanskraalensis
leaves, also lists 10 female fruit specimens
Pinopsida
 Cordaitanthales -
"Noeggerathiopsis hislopii" = Cordaites hislopi
"Noeggerathiopsis hislopii" = Cordaites hislopi Bunbury 1878