PBDB Collection

Porcupine cave (Pleistocene of the United States)

Where: Park County, Colorado (39.6° N, 105.8° W: paleocoordinates 39.6° N, 105.6° W)

When: Irvingtonian (1.8 - 0.3 Ma)

• Deposits span age range between 1 Ma and 600 ka

Environment/lithology: cave; limestone

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Primary reference: S. D. Emslie. 2004. The early and middle Pleistocene avifauna from Porcupine Cave. In A. D. Barnosky (ed.), Biodiversity response to climate change in the middle Pleistocene; the Porcupine Cave fauna from Colorado 127-140 [M. Uhen/S. Alam/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 152653: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Shahed Alam on 29.11.2013, edited by Jonathan Marcot

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

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Reptilia
Galliformes - Phasianidae	Centrocercus urophasianus, "Lagopus leucurus" = Lagopus leucura, Falcipennis canadensis, Dendragapus obscurus Centrocercus urophasianus Bonaparte 1827 greater sage-grouse "Lagopus leucurus" = Lagopus leucura Richardson 1831 white-tailed ptarmigan Falcipennis canadensis Linnaeus 1758 spruce grouse Dendragapus obscurus Say 1823 dusky grouse
Aves
Charadriiformes - Laridae	Larus sp. Larus sp. Linnaeus 1758 gull
Charadriiformes - Scolopacidae	Phalaropus lobatus, Numenius madagascariensis Phalaropus lobatus Linnaeus 1758 red-necked phalarope Numenius madagascariensis Linnaeus 1766 far eastern curlew
Passeriformes - Fringillidae	"Carpodacus cassinii" = Haemorhous cassinii, Leucosticte sp., Leucosticte tephrocotis, Leucosticte atrata "Carpodacus cassinii" = Haemorhous cassinii Baird 1854 Cassin's finch Leucosticte sp. Swainson 1832 finch Leucosticte tephrocotis Swainson 1832 gray-crowned rosy-finch Leucosticte atrata Ridgway 1874 black rosy-finch
Passeriformes - Corvidae	Corvus brachyrhynchos, Corvus corax, Pica hudsonia, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus Corvus brachyrhynchos Brehm 1822 American crow Corvus corax Linnaeus 1758 common raven Pica hudsonia Sabine 1823 black-billed magpie Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus Wied-Neuwied 1841 pinyon jay
Passeriformes - Alaudidae	Eremophila alpestris Eremophila alpestris Linnaeus 1759 horned lark
Passeriformes - Sittidae	Sitta sp., Sitta carolinensis Sitta sp. Linnaeus 1758 nuthatch Sitta carolinensis Latham 1790 white-breasted nuthatch
Passeriformes - Hirundinidae	Tachycineta bicolor Tachycineta bicolor Vieillot 1808 tree swallow
Passeriformes - Passerellidae	Chondestes grammacus, Zonotrichia sp., Zonotrichia leucophrys, Junco hyemalis, Spizella breweri, Melospiza lincolnii Chondestes grammacus Say 1823 lark sparrow Zonotrichia sp. Swainson 1832 sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys Forster 1772 white-crowned sparrow Junco hyemalis Linnaeus 1758 dark-eyed junco Spizella breweri Cassin 1856 Brewer's sparrow Melospiza lincolnii Audubon 1834 Lincoln's sparrow
Passeriformes - Calcariidae	Calcarius sp., Calcarius ornatus, Calcarius lapponicus Calcarius sp. Bechstein 1802 perching bird Calcarius ornatus Townsend 1837 chestnut-collared longspur Calcarius lapponicus Linnaeus 1758 lapland longspur
Passeriformes - Icteridae	Agelaius phoeniceus Agelaius phoeniceus Linnaeus 1766 red-winged blackbird
Podicipediformes - Podicipedidae	Podiceps sp., Podilymbus podiceps Podiceps sp. Latham 1787 grebe Podilymbus podiceps Linnaeus 1758 pied-billed grebe
Gruiformes - Rallidae	Rallus limicola, Porzana carolina Rallus limicola Vieillot 1819 Virginia rail Porzana carolina Linnaeus 1758 sora
Strigiformes - Strigidae	Bubo virginianus, "Nyctea scandiaca" = Bubo scandiacus, Asio sp. Bubo virginianus Gmelin 1788 great horned owl "Nyctea scandiaca" = Bubo scandiacus Linnaeus 1758 snowy owl Asio sp. Brisson 1760 true owl
Piciformes - Picidae	Picoides villosus, Colaptes auratus Picoides villosus Linnaeus 1766 hairy woodpecker Colaptes auratus Linnaeus 1758 northern flicker
Anseriformes - Anatidae	Anas sp., Anas crecca, Aythya americana, Anser sp. Anas sp. Linnaeus 1758 dabbling duck Anas crecca Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian teal Aythya americana Eyton 1838 redhead Anser sp. Linnaeus 1758 goose
Falconiformes - Falconidae	Falco sp., Falco sparverius Falco sp. Linnaeus 1758 falcon Falco sparverius Linnaeus 1758 American kestrel
Accipitriformes - Accipitridae	Aquila chrysaetos, Buteo sp. Aquila chrysaetos Linnaeus 1758 golden eagle Buteo sp. de Lacepède 1799 hawk
Mammalia
Carnivora - Canidae	Canis latrans Canis latrans Say 1823 coyote