PBDB Collection

Porcupine cave (Pleistocene of the United States)

Where: Park County, Colorado (39.6° N, 105.8° W: paleocoordinates 39.6° N, 105.6° W)

When: Irvingtonian (1.8 - 0.3 Ma)

• Deposits span age range between 1 Ma and 600 ka

Environment/lithology: cave; limestone

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Primary reference: S. D. Emslie. 2004. The early and middle Pleistocene avifauna from Porcupine Cave. In A. D. Barnosky (ed.), Biodiversity response to climate change in the middle Pleistocene; the Porcupine Cave fauna from Colorado 127-140 [M. Uhen/S. Alam/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 152653: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Shahed Alam on 29.11.2013, edited by Jonathan Marcot

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

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Aves
Charadriiformes - Scolopacidae	Phalaropus lobatus, Numenius madagascariensis Phalaropus lobatus Linnaeus 1758 red-necked phalarope Numenius madagascariensis Linnaeus 1766 far eastern curlew
Charadriiformes - Laridae	Larus sp. Larus sp. Linnaeus 1758 gull
Anseriformes - Anatidae	Aythya americana, Anas sp., Anas crecca, Anser sp. Aythya americana Eyton 1838 redhead Anas sp. Linnaeus 1758 dabbling duck Anas crecca Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian teal Anser sp. Linnaeus 1758 goose
Piciformes - Picidae	Colaptes auratus, Picoides villosus Colaptes auratus Linnaeus 1758 northern flicker Picoides villosus Linnaeus 1766 hairy woodpecker
Strigiformes - Strigidae	Asio sp., "Nyctea scandiaca" = Bubo scandiacus, Bubo virginianus Asio sp. Brisson 1760 true owl "Nyctea scandiaca" = Bubo scandiacus Linnaeus 1758 snowy owl Bubo virginianus Gmelin 1788 great horned owl
Gruiformes - Rallidae	Rallus limicola, Porzana carolina Rallus limicola Vieillot 1819 Virginia rail Porzana carolina Linnaeus 1758 sora
Podicipediformes - Podicipedidae	Podiceps sp., Podilymbus podiceps Podiceps sp. Latham 1787 grebe Podilymbus podiceps Linnaeus 1758 pied-billed grebe
Passeriformes - Calcariidae	Calcarius sp., Calcarius ornatus, Calcarius lapponicus Calcarius sp. Bechstein 1802 perching bird Calcarius ornatus Townsend 1837 chestnut-collared longspur Calcarius lapponicus Linnaeus 1758 lapland longspur
Passeriformes - Passerellidae	Spizella breweri, Junco hyemalis, Zonotrichia sp., Zonotrichia leucophrys, Melospiza lincolnii, Chondestes grammacus Spizella breweri Cassin 1856 Brewer's sparrow Junco hyemalis Linnaeus 1758 dark-eyed junco Zonotrichia sp. Swainson 1832 sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys Forster 1772 white-crowned sparrow Melospiza lincolnii Audubon 1834 Lincoln's sparrow Chondestes grammacus Say 1823 lark sparrow
Passeriformes - Hirundinidae	Tachycineta bicolor Tachycineta bicolor Vieillot 1808 tree swallow
Passeriformes - Alaudidae	Eremophila alpestris Eremophila alpestris Linnaeus 1759 horned lark
Passeriformes - Fringillidae	Leucosticte sp., Leucosticte tephrocotis, Leucosticte atrata, "Carpodacus cassinii" = Haemorhous cassinii Leucosticte sp. Swainson 1832 finch Leucosticte tephrocotis Swainson 1832 gray-crowned rosy-finch Leucosticte atrata Ridgway 1874 black rosy-finch "Carpodacus cassinii" = Haemorhous cassinii Baird 1854 Cassin's finch
Passeriformes - Corvidae	Pica hudsonia, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus, Corvus brachyrhynchos, Corvus corax Pica hudsonia Sabine 1823 black-billed magpie Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus Wied-Neuwied 1841 pinyon jay Corvus brachyrhynchos Brehm 1822 American crow Corvus corax Linnaeus 1758 common raven
Passeriformes - Sittidae	Sitta sp., Sitta carolinensis Sitta sp. Linnaeus 1758 nuthatch Sitta carolinensis Latham 1790 white-breasted nuthatch
Passeriformes - Icteridae	Agelaius phoeniceus Agelaius phoeniceus Linnaeus 1766 red-winged blackbird
Accipitriformes - Accipitridae	Aquila chrysaetos, Buteo sp. Aquila chrysaetos Linnaeus 1758 golden eagle Buteo sp. de Lacepède 1799 hawk
Galliformes - Phasianidae	"Lagopus leucurus" = Lagopus leucura, Dendragapus obscurus, Centrocercus urophasianus, Falcipennis canadensis "Lagopus leucurus" = Lagopus leucura Richardson 1831 white-tailed ptarmigan Dendragapus obscurus Say 1823 dusky grouse Centrocercus urophasianus Bonaparte 1827 greater sage-grouse Falcipennis canadensis Linnaeus 1758 spruce grouse
Falconiformes - Falconidae	Falco sp., Falco sparverius Falco sp. Linnaeus 1758 falcon Falco sparverius Linnaeus 1758 American kestrel
Mammalia
Carnivora - Canidae	Canis latrans Canis latrans Say 1823 coyote