PBDB Collection

Gainfarn - Parasequence 2 (Miocene of Austria)

Where: Vienna, Austria (48.0° N, 16.2° E: paleocoordinates 47.4° N, 15.8° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

When: Upper Lagenidae foram zone, Vienna Basin Formation, Middle Miocene (16.0 - 11.6 Ma)

• The formation of the Vienna Basin started in the Early Miocene as an E–W trending piggyback basin on top of the Alpine thrust belt. Owing to rapid subsidence, the Miocene sedimentary successions reach up to 5,500 m thickness in the central part of the basin.

Environment/lithology: shallow subtidal; fine-grained, medium, silty, sandy claystone and poorly lithified, shelly/skeletal sandstone

• The composition of the sandy level-bottom assemblages and the sandy tempestitic shell beds suggests the presence of shallow sublittoral sea grass– and algae-dominated habitats in the HST, as indicated by abundant Tricolia eichwaldi and Gibbula spp. Also, the relatively rare Smaragdia cling to sea grasses in modern environments (Bandel and Wedler, 1987). Sea grass meadows, ﬁnally, would also have served as a food supply for sirenians.

• Samples D4, D5: silty clay with layers of sandy silt

•Samples E4a, E4b, S2 (BSB), S3 (BSB): tempestitic shell bed with sandy silt matrix

•Sample E1, E5: fine-medium sand

•Sample E2: conglomerate with sandy matrix

•Sample E3: poorly sorted coarse sand

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils, microfossils

Preservation: shellbed

Collection methods: bulk, surface (in situ), sieve

• We excavated seven deep trenches with power shovels. We took 28 bulk samples from sediments at this section, their weights ranging from 1,700 to 3,800 g. The sediment was wet sieved through a 1 mm screen, and material 1 mm was quantitatively picked under a binocular microscope for all biogenic components.

Primary reference: M. Zuschin, M. Harzhauser, and O. Mandic. 2007. The Stratigraphic and Sedimentologic Framework of Fine-Scale Faunal Replacements in the Middle Miocene of the Vienna Basin (Austria). Palaios 22(3):285-295 [M. Uhen/M. Bean/M. Bean]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 174159: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Meredith Bean on 31.10.2015

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• For sponges, every bioeroded biogenic hard part with distinct traces ofthe ichnogenus Entobia was counted as a sponge colony. For mollusks, every shell (gastropods, scaphopods), every isolated valve(bivalves),and every isolated plate (polyplacophorans) was counted as an individual. Identiﬁable fragments of mollusks were only considered to indicate the presenceofaspeciesinasample,ifnowholeshellsorvalveswerefound. For bryozoans and serpulids, fragments 0.5 cm were counted as individuals or colonies, but smaller fragments were only used to indicate the presence of a species. Each decapod claw, echinoid spine, and vertebrate hard part (including bones, teeth, and otoliths) was counted as an individual. In addition to these quantitative samples, each layer was scoured for large-sized species, which are likely underrepresentedinbulk samples, and a species was added as present to the data matrix where appropriate. Altogether, 9,101 fossils were counted and sorted into 198 species (see Supplementary Data 11). For statistical analysis, samplescontaining 10 fossils and fossils occurring with only one specimen (singletons) were removed; the ﬁnal data matrix contained 22 samples, 112 species, and 8,986 specimens (98.7% of the original data).

Show authors, comments, and common names

Sedentaria
Sabellida - Serpulidae	Serpulidae indet. Serpulidae indet. Rafinesque 1835 (incl. Protula protensa) Average abundance, Tempistitic shell beds with sandy matrix
Scaphopoda
Dentaliida - Dentaliidae	Antalis cf. quindeciesstriata Antalis cf. quindeciesstriata tusk shell Average abundance, Tempistitic shell beds with sandy matrix
Bivalvia
Carditida - Carditidae	Glans subrudista Glans subrudista clam Average abundance, Tempistitic shell beds with sandy matrix
Lucinida - Lucinidae	Loripes dentatus Loripes dentatus clam Average abundance, Tempistitic shell beds with sandy matrix
Hiatellida - Hiatellidae	"Panopea menardi" = Panopea (Panopea) menardi "Panopea menardi" = Panopea (Panopea) menardi Deshayes 1829 clam Average abundance, Tempistitic shell beds with sandy matrix
Cardiida - Cardiidae	Acanthocardia turonica Acanthocardia turonica cockle Average abundance, Tempistitic shell beds with sandy matrix
Cardiida - Veneridae	"Gouldia minima" = Gouldia (Gouldia) minima, Circomphalus subplicatus, Venus nux, Pelecyora islandicoides "Gouldia minima" = Gouldia (Gouldia) minima Montagu 1803 venus clam Average abundance, Tempistitic shell beds with sandy matrix Circomphalus subplicatus dOrbigny 1852 venus clam Average abundance, Tempistitic shell beds with sandy matrix Venus nux Gmelin 1791 venus clam Average abundance, Tempistitic shell beds with sandy matrix Pelecyora islandicoides Lamarck 1818 venus clam Average abundance, Tempistitic shell beds with sandy matrix
Pholadida - Corbulidae	"Corbula gibba" = Corbula (Varicorbula) gibba "Corbula gibba" = Corbula (Varicorbula) gibba Oliva 1792 clam (s.l.) Average abundance, Tempistitic shell beds with sandy matrix
Arcida - Glycymerididae	Glycymeris cf. pilosa Glycymeris cf. pilosa Linnaeus 1767 clam Average abundance, Sandy level-bottom assemblages (1.5) + Tempistitic shell beds with sandy matrix (1.33)
Ostreida - Ostreidae	"Ostrea digitalina" = Cubitostrea digitalina "Ostrea digitalina" = Cubitostrea digitalina Eichwald 1830 oyster Average abundance, Sandy level-bottom assemblages (2) + Tempestitic shell beds with sandy matrix (2.67)
Gastropoda
Trochoidea - Trochidae	Gibbula pseudangulata, "Paroxystele orientalis" = Diloma (Paroxystele) Gibbula pseudangulata Boettger 1907 top snail Average abundance, Sandy level-bottom assemblages (3.75) + Tempistitic shell beds with sandy matrix (4) "Paroxystele orientalis" = Diloma (Paroxystele) top snail Average abundance, Tempistitic shell beds with sandy matrix
Trochoidea - Phasianellidae	Tricolia eichwaldi Tricolia eichwaldi snail Average abundance, Sandy level-bottom assemblages (6) + Tempistitic shell beds with sandy matrix (4.67)
Sorbeoconcha - Aporrhaidae	Aporrhais pespelecani Aporrhais pespelecani Linnaeus 1758 snail Average abundance, Tempistitic shell beds with sandy matrix
Neogastropoda - Ancillariidae	Amalda glandiformis Amalda glandiformis Lamarck 1810 snail Average abundance, Tempistitic shell beds with sandy matrix
Neogastropoda - Conidae	Conus dujardini Conus dujardini Deshayes 1845 cone shell Average abundance, Tempistitic shell beds with sandy matrix
Cerithioidea - Cerithiidae	Bittium reticulatum Bittium reticulatum Montagu 1803 cerith snail Average abundance, Sandy level-bottom assemblages (11.75) + Tempestitic shell beds with sandy matrix (9)
Cerithioidea - Turritellidae	Turritella bicarinata, Turritella tricincta, "Turritella erronea" = Turritella (Archimediella) erronea Turritella bicarinata Elchwald 1830 turret shell Average abundance, Tempistitic shell beds with sandy matrix Turritella tricincta Münster 1841 turret shell Average abundance, Tempistitic shell beds with sandy matrix "Turritella erronea" = Turritella (Archimediella) erronea Cossmann 1914 turret shell Average abundance, Tempistitic shell beds with sandy matrix