PBDB Collection

Sand Draw Quarry ( of the United States)

Also known as UNSM Sand Draw locality; Frick Prospecting Locality 277; Magill; Owl Pellet; UM-Neb. sites 1-66, 2-66, 2-67, 4-67, 5-67, 1-68

Where: Brown County, Nebraska (42.7° N, 100.0° W: paleocoordinates 42.8° N, 99.3° W)

• coordinate based on political unit

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Blancan (4.9 - 1.8 Ma)

Environment/lithology: terrestrial

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Primary reference: P. O. McGrew. 1944. An Early Pleistocene (Blancan) fauna from Nebraska. Geological Series, Field Museum of Natural History 9(2):31-66 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/C. Bell]more details

PaleoDB collection 19963: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 18.02.1993, edited by Jonathan Marcot and Evangelos Vlachos

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• from a single 26 ft interval
list updated and extended by Skinner and Hibbard 1972
"Equus cf. conversidens": specimen is from an indeterminate horizon

Show authors, comments, and common names

Reptilia
Squamata - Colubridae	Heterodon platyrhinos³, Thamnophis sp.³, Nerodia sp.² Heterodon platyrhinos³ Latreille 1801 eastern hognosed snake Thamnophis sp.³ Fitzinger 1843 garter snake Nerodia sp.² Baird and Girard 1853 water snake
Testudines - Testudinidae	"Geochelone (Hesperotestudo) oelrichi" = Hesperotestudo turgida⁵, "Caudochelys sp." = Hesperotestudo⁹ "Geochelone (Hesperotestudo) oelrichi" = Hesperotestudo turgida⁵ Cope 1892 turtle paratypes "Caudochelys sp." = Hesperotestudo⁹ Williams 1950 turtle possibly johnstoni
Testudines - Kinosternoidea	Kinosternon flavescens⁴ Kinosternon flavescens⁴ Agassiz 1857 Yellow mud turtle
Mammalia
Carnivora - Mustelidae	Satherium piscinarium¹, Taxidea cf. taxus, Trigonictis macrodon¹, Trigonictis cookii⁷ Satherium piscinarium¹ Leidy 1873 otter Taxidea cf. taxus Schreber 1778 American badger Trigonictis macrodon¹ Cope 1868 mustelid carnivore Trigonictis cookii⁷ Gazin 1934 mustelid carnivore from "Booth Draw" loc. 277
Carnivora - Mephitidae	Buisnictis burrowsi Buisnictis burrowsi Skinner and Hibbard 1972 skunk
Carnivora - Felidae	Machairodontinae indet.¹ Machairodontinae indet.¹ Gill 1872 cat
Carnivora - Canidae	Canis edwardii⁸, Canis lepophagus, Borophagus diversidens Canis edwardii⁸ Gazin 1942 canine Canis lepophagus Johnston 1938 canine Borophagus diversidens Cope 1892 bone-crushing dog confirmed by Wang et al. 1999
Artiodactyla - Camelidae	Hemiauchenia sp.¹, Gigantocamelus spatulus¹, Camelops sp. Hemiauchenia sp.¹ Gervais and Ameghino 1880 camel Gigantocamelus spatulus¹ Cope 1893 camel Camelops sp. Leidy 1854 camel
Artiodactyla - Tayassuidae	Platygonus sp. Platygonus sp. Leconte 1848 peccary
Artiodactyla - Cervidae	Cervidae indet. Cervidae indet. Gray 1821 deer
Artiodactyla - Antilocapridae	Capromeryx tauntonensis⁶ Capromeryx tauntonensis⁶ Morgan and Morgan 1995 pronghorn
Perissodactyla - Equidae	Equus calobatus, "Equus simplicidens" = Plesippus simplicidens Equus calobatus Troxell 1915 horse "Equus simplicidens" = Plesippus simplicidens Cope 1892 horse
Soricomorpha - Talpidae	Scalopus aquaticus Scalopus aquaticus Linnaeus 1758 eastern mole
Soricomorpha - Soricidae	Sorex sandersi, Planisorex dixonensis Sorex sandersi Hibbard 1956 long-tailed shrew Planisorex dixonensis Hibbard 1956 red-toothed shrew
Lagomorpha - Leporidae	Leporidae indet. Leporidae indet. Fischer de Waldheim 1817 rabbit
Rodentia - Sciuridae	Spermophilus meltoni, Spermophilus johnstoni, Spermophilus boothi Spermophilus meltoni Hibbard 1972 ground squirrel Spermophilus johnstoni Hibbard 1972 ground squirrel Spermophilus boothi Hibbard 1972 ground squirrel
Rodentia - Cricetidae	Onychomys sp., Pliolemmus antiquus, Neotoma cf. quadriplicata¹¹, Calomys (Bensonomys) meadensis, Ogmodontomys poaphagus, Pliophenacomys primaevus, Nebraskomys mcgrewi n. sp., Peromyscus cf. kansasensis, Hibbardomys skinneri n. sp.¹⁰, Ondatra meadensis¹, Ophiomys fricki, Ophiomys magilli, "Sigmodon medius" = Sigmodon minor Onychomys sp. Baird 1858 grasshopper mouse Pliolemmus antiquus Hibbard 1937 rodent Neotoma cf. quadriplicata¹¹ Hibbard 1941 pack rat Calomys (Bensonomys) meadensis Hibbard 1956 rodent Ogmodontomys poaphagus Hibbard 1941 rodent described by Zakrzewski 1967a Pliophenacomys primaevus Hibbard 1937 rodent OK, see Zakrzewski 1984 Nebraskomys mcgrewi n. sp. Hibbard 1957 rodent see Hibbard 1957a Peromyscus cf. kansasensis Hibbard 1941 deer mouse Hibbardomys skinneri n. sp.¹⁰ Zakrzewski 1984 rodent Ondatra meadensis¹ Hibbard 1937 muskrat Ophiomys fricki Hibbard 1972 vole Ophiomys magilli Hibbard 1972 vole placed in Ogmodontomys as a lapsus "Sigmodon medius" = Sigmodon minor Gidley 1922 cotton rat
Rodentia - Castoridae	Procastoroides sweeti, Dipoides rexroadensis Procastoroides sweeti Barbour and Schultz 1937 beaver Dipoides rexroadensis Hibbard and Riggs 1949 beaver
Rodentia - Geomyidae	Geomys quinni Geomys quinni McGrew 1944 pocket gopher
Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae	Stegomastodon primitivus Stegomastodon primitivus Osborn 1936 gomphothere

¹Alroy 2002; ²Alroy 2009; ³Brattstrom 1967; ⁴Fichter 1969; ⁵Holman 1972; ⁶Morgan and Morgan 1995; ⁷Ray et al. 1981; ⁸Tedford et al. 2009; ⁹Vlachos 2018; ¹⁰Zakrzewski 1984; ¹¹Zakrzewski 1993