Left Bank of Irawadi River (Neogene of Myanmar)

Also known as 250 miles below Ava

Where: Myanmar (17.4° N, 96.3° E: paleocoordinates 12.1° N, 97.8° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Neogene (23.0 - 2.6 Ma)

Environment/lithology: terrestrial; gravel and sandstone

Size class: macrofossils

Collected by Mr. Crawfurd; reposited in the BMNH

Collection methods: surface (in situ),

Primary reference: W. Clift. 1829. On the Fossil Remains of two New Species of Mastodon, and of other vertebrated Animals, found on the left Bank of the Irawadi. Transactions of the Geological Society of London S2(2):369-376 [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 215569: authorized by Evangelos Vlachos, entered by Evangelos Vlachos on 16.11.2020, edited by Bethany Allen

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• "[Falconer and Cautley in Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis] pointed out that Clift had confused the remains of several species under the name of M. elephantoides, and they accordingly gave a new name to the two species of 'transitional Mastodons', which had been partly mixed up with M. latidens. To the elephant teeth with six ridges they gave the name Elephas cliftii, and to the teeth with a greater number of ridges E. insignis." (Lydekker 1880)
Show authors, comments, and common names
Mammalia
 Artiodactyla -
Ruminantia indet.
Ruminantia indet. Scopoli 1777 ruminant
The only fragments of ruminating animals in the collection, which can, in my opinion, be safely identified, are the portion of a lower jaw, and two or three separate molar teeth. They apparently belonged to an ox of ordinary size.
 Artiodactyla - Suidae
Sus sp.
Sus sp. Linnaeus 1758 pig
Of this genus there is only a single specimen, consisting of a small portion of the lower jaw, containing one molar tooth and the fragment of another. This species could not have been large
 Artiodactyla - Hippopotamidae
Hippopotamus sp.
Hippopotamus sp. Linnaeus 1758 hippo
Of this genus there are but few fragments, nor are they sufficiently characteristic to enable us to pronounce on the species, though there is no doubt as to the genus. The animal to which these remains belonged, must have been smaller than the recent species
 Perissodactyla - Tapiridae
Tapirus sp.
Tapirus sp. Brisson 1762 tapir
fragment of the lower jaw, consisting of the symphysis, is the only remnant which can be safely attributed to this genus
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
"Acerotherium perimense" = Aceratherium perimense1
"Acerotherium perimense" = Aceratherium perimense1 Falconer and Cautley 1847 rhinoceros
Of this genus, we have, among other remains, a small portion of the upper jaw, containing two molar teeth; the remnant of the jaw is only just sufficient to hold the teeth together.
 Proboscidea - Elephantidae
Elephas clifti n. sp.2, Mastodon elephantoides n. sp., "Elephas insignis n. sp." = Stegodon insignis2
Elephas clifti n. sp.2 Falconer 1857 elephant
Mastodon elephantoides n. sp. Clift 1829 elephant
"Elephas insignis n. sp." = Stegodon insignis2 Falconer 1857 elephant
 Proboscidea - Mammutidae
"Mastodon latidens n. sp." = Mastodon (Tetralophodon) latidens
"Mastodon latidens n. sp." = Mastodon (Tetralophodon) latidens Clift 1829 mastodon
Reptilia
 Testudines - Trionychidae
Trionyx sp.
Trionyx sp. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809 softshell turtle
 Testudines - Emydidae
Emys sp.
Emys sp. Dumeril 1806 pond turtle
There are some fragments of a species, apparently of this genus. One, which is part of the sternum, indicates an animal of enormous size
 Crocodylia - Crocodylidae
"cf. Crocodilus vulgaris" = Crocodylus, Leptorhynchus sp.
"cf. Crocodilus vulgaris" = Crocodylus crocodile
we have vertebrae, and the anterior termination of the lower jaw, which must have belonged to a very large individual
Leptorhynchus sp. Cautley and Falconer 1840 crocodile
portions of the lower jaw, and several vertebrae
1Lydekker 1876; 2Lydekker 1880