Level 415.5, Hole GH-9, Culebra Fm. (Miocene of Panama)

Where: Panama (9.0° N, 79.6° W: paleocoordinates 8.3° N, 77.4° W)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Culebra Formation, Early/Lower Miocene (23.0 - 16.0 Ma)

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: estuary or bay; lignite

• Shale is lignitic.

Size class: microfossils

Preservation: original sporopollenin

Collection methods: core, chemical, mechanical,

Primary reference: A. Graham. 1988. Studies in Neotropical Paleobotany. V. The Lower Miocene Communities of Panama - The Culebra Formation. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 75:1440-1466 [E. Kowalski/E. Kowalski/E. Kowalski]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 32392: authorized by Elizabeth Kowalski, entered by Elizabeth Kowalski on 27.06.2003

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
unclassified
  -
"Fern" "trilete spore", "Fern" "monolete spore", Cryosophila sp., Synechanthus sp., Plantae indet.
Plantae indet. Haeckel 1866
Polypodiopsida
 Cyatheales - Polypodiidae
Cyathea sp.
Cyathea sp. Smith 1793 scaly tree fern
Lycopodiopsida
 Selaginellales - Selaginellaceae
Selaginella sp.
Selaginella sp. Beauvois 1804 spikemoss
 Lycopodiales - Lycopodiaceae
Lycopodium sp.
Lycopodium sp. Linnaeus 1753 ground pine
Angiospermae
 Malpighiales - Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophora sp.
Rhizophora sp. Linnaeus 1753 true mangrove
 Malpighiales - Malpighiaceae
Malpighiaceae indet.
Malpighiaceae indet. de Jussieu 1789
 Malvales - Malvaceae
Malvaceae indet.
Malvaceae indet. de Jussieu 1789 mallow
 Aquifoliales - Aquifoliaceae
Ilex sp.
Ilex sp. Linnaeus 1753 holly
 Mesangiosperms - Arecaceae
Manicaria sp.
Manicaria sp. Gaertner 1791 palm