Graaff-Reinet Commonage (Permian of South Africa)

Where: Eastern Cape, South Africa (32.3° S, 24.5° E: paleocoordinates 62.7° S, 29.3° W)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• basin-level geographic resolution

When: Cistecephalus Assemblage zone, Middleton/Balfour Formation (Beaufort Group), Wuchiapingian (259.9 - 254.2 Ma)

• "Cistecephalus Zone"; The Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone is Wuchiapingian, according to Catuneanu et al. (2005, J. Afr. Earth Sci. 43); Lithostratigraphy is from correlation chart in Catuneanu et al. (2005, p. 237).

• formation-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: terrestrial; lithology not reported

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: M. S. Y. Lee, C. E. Gow, and J. W. Kitching. 1997. Anatomy and relationships of the pareiasaur Pareiasuchus nasicornis from the Upper Permian of Zambia. Palaeontology 40(2):307-335 [J. Mueller/T. Liebrecht/M. Carrano]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 80826: authorized by Johannes Mueller, entered by Jana Dummasch on 14.05.2008, edited by Torsten Liebrecht, Juan Benito Moreno, Richard Butler and Bethany Allen

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Reptilia
 Parareptilia - Millerettidae
Milleretta rubidgei7 Broom 1938 parareptile
 Parareptilia - Owenettidae
Owenetta cf. rubidgei9 Broom 1939 parareptile
no details given
 Procolophonomorpha -
Pareiasaurus serridens7 Owen parareptile
Pareiasuchus nasicornis n. sp. Haughton and Boonstra 1929 parareptile
SAM 3016 (type), SAM K 6607; BPI 1/254, 1/1500; GSP 475, GSP R320, GSP CBT4, GSP TN257; only the type was definetely found at this locality; all other may probably come from other localities, which are all in the Cistecephalus AZ of South Africa
Osteichthyes
 Therapsida - Gorgonopidae
Aelurosaurus sp.10 Owen 1881 therapsid
RC 7, skull
Arctops sp.7 Watson 1914 therapsid
Aelurognathus tigriceps6 Broom and Haughton 1913 therapsid
RC 198, crushed partial skull
Smilesaurus ferox n. gen. n. sp.3 Broom 1948 therapsid
RC 62, almost complete skull
"Clelandina major" = Clelandina rubidgei7 Broom 1948 therapsid
 Anomodontia - Cryptodontidae
"Megacyclops whaitsi n. gen. n. sp." = Rhachiocephalus magnus7, Aulacephalodon bainii7, "Oudenodon bainii" = Oudenodon bainii7, "Dicynodon moutonae n. sp." = Oudenodon bainii3, "Dicynodon robustus n. sp." = Oudenodon bainii1, "Oudenodon brevirostris n. sp." = Oudenodon bainii8, "Dicynodon graaffi n. sp." = Oudenodon bainii2, "Chelyrhynchus lachrymalis n. gen. n. sp." = Oudenodon bainii4
"Megacyclops whaitsi n. gen. n. sp." = Rhachiocephalus magnus7 Owen 1876 therapsid
SAM 3425, a complete skull
Aulacephalodon bainii7 Owen 1845 therapsid
"Oudenodon bainii" = Oudenodon bainii7 Owen 1859 therapsid
"Dicynodon moutonae n. sp." = Oudenodon bainii3 Owen 1859 therapsid
MMK 5033, a nearly complete skull and disarticulated lower jaw
"Dicynodon robustus n. sp." = Oudenodon bainii1 Owen 1859 therapsid
ELM unnumbered (now lost), a complete skull
"Oudenodon brevirostris n. sp." = Oudenodon bainii8 Owen 1859 therapsid
NHMUK R1649a, a badly weathered skull, now lost
"Dicynodon graaffi n. sp." = Oudenodon bainii2 Owen 1859 therapsid
The holotype is a partial skull, now lost, found 20 miles northwest of Graaff-Reinet
"Chelyrhynchus lachrymalis n. gen. n. sp." = Oudenodon bainii4 Owen 1859 therapsid
SAM 3334, a complete skull
 Dicynodontia -
Platycyclops richardi n. sp.5 Broom 1948 dicynodont
RC 66, partial skull from "Woodcliffe, Graaff Reinet"
Endothiodon sp.7 Owen 1876 dicynodont
 Dicynodontia - Pylaecephalidae
"Dicynodon rubidgei n. sp." = Diictodon feliceps1
"Dicynodon rubidgei n. sp." = Diictodon feliceps1 Owen 1876 dicynodont
NHMUK 47081, a laterally sheared skull and right lower jaws
 Therocephalia -
Hofmeyria atavus7 Broom 1935 therapsid
RC 135, small crushed skull with lower jaw
 Therocephalia - Moschorhinidae
Akidnognathus parvus7 Haughton 1918 therapsid