Rhynchonellata - Rhynchonellida - Pugnacidae
Parent taxon: Pugnacoidea according to A. Williams et al. 2002
See also Savage and Baxter 1995
Sister taxa: Aseptorhynchiidae, Basiliolidae, Camerophorinidae, Erymnariidae, Ladogiidae, Paranorellidae, Petasmariidae, Plectorhynchellidae, Pseudocapillirhynchia, Pygmaellidae, Rozmanariidae, Yunnanellidae
Subtaxa: Aikarhyncha Allorhynchoides Cavatisinurostrum Chapinella Coeloterorhynchus Colophragma Dimensionaequalirostrum Eopugnax Evanidisinurostrum Filigreenia Globulirhynchia Hypseloterorhynchus Kwangsirhynchus Longdongshuia Ningbingella Pammegetherhynchus Parapugnax Paromoeopygma Perrarisinurostrum Pleuropugnoides Propriopugnus Pugnax Solidipontirostrum Trifidorostellum Ujandinella Zilimia
Type: Pugnax
Ecology: stationary epifaunal suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Permian of Azerbaijan (1 collection), Bolivia (1), China (3), Japan (1), Laos (1), Pakistan (8), United States (1: Alaska)
• Carboniferous to Permian of Bolivia (1)
• Carboniferous of Australia (21), China (2), Egypt (1), Ireland (3), Libya (2), the United Kingdom (21), United States (2: Ohio, Utah)
• Devonian of Afghanistan (1), Algeria (1), Australia (3), Austria (2), Canada (3: Alberta, Ontario), China (8), Czechia (1), France (4), Germany (5), Poland (12), the Russian Federation (11), Tajikistan (1), United States (19: Alaska, Colorado, Iowa, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Pennsylvania)
• Silurian of United States (1: California)
Total: 141 collections including 183 occurrences