Rhynchonellata - Spiriferinida
Parent taxon: Spiriferinidina according to A. Williams et al. 2006
Sister taxa: Pennospiriferinoidea, Spiriferinoidea
Subtaxa: Dimegelasmidae Licharewiidae Syringothyrididae
Ecology: stationary low-level epifaunal suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Permian of Afghanistan (7 collections), Australia (171), Brazil (1), Canada (22: British Columbia, Nunavut, Yukon), China (28), Greece (1), India (13), Indonesia (3), Laos (1), Mongolia (9), Nepal (21), New Zealand (3), Oman (30), Pakistan (2), the Russian Federation (96), Slovenia (1), Svalbard and Jan Mayen (6), Tajikistan (4), United States (2: Alaska), Vietnam (1)
• Namurian of Australia (1)
• Carboniferous of Afghanistan (3), Argentina (13), Australia (23), Canada (30: Alberta, Northwest Territories, Yukon), Chile (2), China (5), Egypt (1), France (1), India (15), Iran (1), Ireland (1), Libya (8), Mexico (2), Nepal (3), the Russian Federation (3), the United Kingdom (17), United States (101: Alaska, California, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Iowa/Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah, California)
• Devonian of Canada (2: Alberta), China (3), France (1), United States (51: Missouri, Montana, Ohio)
• Silurian of Ukraine (1)
Total: 710 collections including 818 occurrences