Parent taxon: Syntrophiidina according to J. Hansen and L. E. Holmer 2011
See also Benedetto 2003, Popov et al. 2005, Williams et al. 2002 and Zhan and Jin 2005
Sister taxa: Porambonitacea, Porambonitoidea, Syntrophioidea
Subtaxa: Camerellidae Parallelasmatidae Parallelelasmatidae Parastrophinidae
Ecology: stationary epifaunal suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Devonian of Australia (3 collections), Belarus (1), Canada (13: Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon), China (4), Czechia (4), Kazakhstan (1), the Russian Federation (3), Tajikistan (1), Ukraine (1), United States (21: Nevada, New York, Oklahoma, Tennessee)
• Jaani of Lithuania (2)
• Niagaran of Canada (1: Québec)
• Silurian to Devonian of United States (1: Oklahoma)
• Silurian of Austria (1), Canada (21: New Brunswick, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, Québec, Yukon, Yukon Territory), China (2), Czechia (28), Estonia (11), Kazakhstan (1), Lithuania (2), the Russian Federation (3), Sweden (10), Ukraine (2), the United Kingdom (9), United States (67: Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Nevada, New York, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Wisconsin), Venezuela (2)
• Dobrotivian of France (2)
• Whiterockian of Canada (4: Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Quebec), United States (10: Nevada)
• Chazyan of Canada (9: Northwest Territories, Quebec), United States (38: Alabama, New York, Tennessee, Virginia)
• Hunderum of the Russian Federation (1)
• Billingen of the Russian Federation (7)
• Arenig of Argentina (1), Bolivia (1), China (2), Norway (1)
• Arenigian of Argentina (3), the Russian Federation (1)
• Ordovician to Silurian of Canada (4: Québec)
• Ordovician of Argentina (3), Australia (8), Belarus (1), Canada (43: British Columbia, Manitoba, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, Québec, Yukon), China (28), Czechia (2), Estonia (10), France (3), Ireland (2), Kazakhstan (28), Lithuania (6), Mongolia (3), Norway (13), Portugal (2), the Russian Federation (17), Spain (1), Sweden (1), the United Kingdom (17), United States (70: Alaska, California, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Minnesota, Nevada, New York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia)
Total: 557 collections including 657 occurrences