Rhynchonellata - Terebratulida - Cranaenidae
Parent taxon: Cryptonelloidea according to A. Williams et al. 2006
Sister taxa: Cimicinellidae, Cryptonellidae, Labaiidae, Notothyrididae, Romingerina, Zhongpingia
Subtaxa: Afilasmatinae Cranaeninae Girtyellinae
Ecology: stationary low-level epifaunal suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Permian of China (1 collection), Germany (4), the Russian Federation (1), Thailand (1), United States (6: Texas, Utah)
• Namurian of Thailand (1)
• Carboniferous to Permian of United States (2: California)
• Carboniferous of Australia (5), Canada (13: Alberta, Nunavut), Mexico (1), the United Kingdom (8), United States (94: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Idaho, Idaho-Utah, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Virginia, Wyoming)
• Givetian of United States (1: Missouri)
• Devonian of Belgium (2), Brazil (1), Canada (12: Alberta, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Ontario), France (9), Germany (4), the Russian Federation (3), United States (131: Alaska, Colorado, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin)
Total: 300 collections including 370 occurrences