Trilobita - Ptychopariida - Kingstoniidae
Parent taxon: Ptychopariida according to H. B. Whittington et al. 1997
See also Adrain 2011 and Jell and Adrain 2002
Sister taxa: Acrocephalitidae, Alokistocaridae, Amphorella, Atratebiinae, Bifodina, Bolaspididae, Bulnibarbi, Bvalbardites, Catillicephalidae, Chondrastaulina, Chuangiformis, Cliffiidae, Conococheaquea, Conocoryphidae, Conokephalinidae, Crepicephalidae, Diceratocephalidae, Elviniidae, Harpina, Indiligens, Kazelina, Kirengelia, Lisaniidae, Lonchocephalidae, Lorenzellidae, Marjumiidae, Meniscocorphye, Meniscocoryphe, Menomoniidae, Neoanomocerella, Norwoodiidae, Olenina, Papyriaspididae, Phylacteridae, Plethopeltidae, Proasaphiscidae, Propeltura, Ptychopariidae, Ptychopariina, Ptychoparoides, Raymondinidae, Shumardiidae, Solenopleuracea, Solenopleuridae, Tricrepicephalidae, Xianquianaspis, Yuehsieszella
Subtaxa: Ankoura Blountia Brachyaspidion Bynumia Bynumina Calvipelta Clelandia Ithycephalus Kingstonia Komaspidella Larifugula Pugionicauda Saonella Wanwanaspis
Ecology: fast-moving low-level epifaunal carnivore
Distribution:
• Ordovician of Canada (18: Alberta, Newfoundland and Labrador, Yukon collections), South Korea (1), United States (18: California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Utah)
• Skullrockian of United States (8: Texas, Utah)
• Cambrian of Canada (45: Alberta, British Columbia, Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Quebec, Yukon), China (10), Greenland (9), the Russian Federation (1), United States (156: Alabama, Arkansas, Indiana, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Wyoming, Wyoming-Montana)
Total: 266 collections including 389 occurrences