Acanthodii - Ischnacanthiformes
Parent taxon: Acanthodii according to R. van der Laan 2019
See also Burrow 2011, Burrow and Elliott 2023, Dineley and Metcalf 1999, Long 2011 and Nelson et al. 2016
Sister taxa: Acanthodi, Acanthodida, Acanthodiformes, Antarctonchus, Archaeacanthus, Byssacanthoides, Campylodus, Climatiida, Climatiiformes, Diplacanthi, Diplacanthiformes, Eupleurogmus, Gemuendolepis, Haplacanthus, Homacanthus, Ischnacanthida, Latviacanthus, Lupopsyroides, Lupopsyrus, Machaeracanthidae, Monopleurodus, Neoasiacanthus, Nodacosta, Nodonchus, Onchidae, Paucicanthus, Pinnacanthus, Promesacanthus, Ptychodictyon, Seretolepis, Striacanthus, Tchunacanthidae, Yealepis
Subtaxa: Acanthospina Acritolepidae Ischnacanthidae Podoliacanthus Poracanthodidae Serradentus Tetanopsyridae Xylacanthus
Ecology: nektonic carnivore
Distribution:
• Carboniferous of Australia (1 collection), the United Kingdom (2)
• Devonian of Afghanistan (1), Antarctica (1), Australia (1), Belarus (1), Bolivia (1), Canada (3: Northwest Territories, Nunavut), Greenland (1), Iran (2), New Zealand (1), Norway (1), the Russian Federation (2), Svalbard and Jan Mayen (1), Ukraine (2), the United Kingdom (10), United States (7: California, Nevada, Utah)
• Silurian of Australia (1), Canada (1: New Brunswick), China (4), Estonia (2), Greenland (1), Lithuania (10), the United Kingdom (2)
Total: 59 collections including 77 occurrences