Parent taxon: Foraminiferida according to A. Bertels 1964
See also Margerel 2009
Sister taxa: Abathomphalus, Abdullaevia, Abrardia, Acostina, Actinosiphon, Adercotryma, Adhaerentia, Adraheutina, Aeolostreptis, Afrobolivina, Agerina, Akiyoshiella, Aktinorbitoides, Alabaminoides, Aleomorphella, Alfredina, Alliatina, Alliatinella, Allogromiina, Almaena, Alpillina, Altasterella, Altistoma, Alveocyclammina, Alveolinellidae, Alveolophragmium, Alveovalvulina, Alzonella, Ambitropus, Amijiella, Ammobaculoides, Ammocycloculina, Ammoglobigerina, Ammospirata, Ammotrochoides, Amphoratheca, Amplectoproductina, Anaticinella, Anchispirocyclina, Andamookia, Andersenia, Andersenolina, Andrejella, Angotia, Angulogavelinella, Annulina, Annulocibicides, Annulofrondicularia, Antalyna, Apertauroria, Aragonella, Arakaevella, Archaecyclus, Archaeglobigerina, Archaelagena, Archaeochintinia, Archaeosepta, Arenagula, Arenogaudryina, Arenonionella, Arenoparrella, Aristospira, Asanoina, Ascoliella, Asselodiscus, Asterigerinella, Asterigerinoides, Asterigina, Asteroammonia, Asterohedbergella, Asterolepidina, Asterophragmina, Asterorbis, Astrorotalia, Asymmetrina, Ataxoorbignyna, Atwillina, Audienusina, Auroria, Austrocolomi, Avesnella, Babelispirillina, Baculogypsinoides, Baelenia, Baggatella, Bagginoides, Baituganella, Balkhania, Bandyella, Banffella, Bannerella, Barbourinella, Barkerina, Barnardina, Berggrenia, Bermudezella, Bermudezina, Bermudezinella, Berthelinella, Berthelinopsis, Biapertorbis, Biarritzina, Biasterigerina, Bifarilaminella, Bifarinella, Biglobigerinella, Bilingulogavelinella, Biloculina, Bimonilina, Biokovina, Biokovinacea, Biorbis, Biparietata, Biplanata, Biplanispira, Biseriammina, Bitaxia, Biticinella, Bituberitina, Bitubulogenerina, Blastulospongia, Blefuscuiana, Blowiella, Bogushella, Boldia, Bolkarina, Boltovskoyella, Boreloides, Borodinia, Bosniella, Bozorginiella, Bramkampella, Brenckleina, Broeckinella, Bronnimannia, Brunsiella, Bucella, Bucherina, Budashevaella, Bueningia, Bulbophragmium, Buliminellita, Burseolina, Calveziconus, Camagueyia, Camerinidae, Campanellula, Cancrisiella, Candorbulina, Carinoconus, Caspiella, Cassidelina, Cassidella, Cassidulinella, Cassidulinita, Caudriella, Ceratobuliminacea, Ceratolamarckina, Cerobertina, Cerobertinella, Chablaisia, Chalilovella, Chapmanina, Chenella, Chenia, Chernobaculites, Chernyshinella, Chernyshinellina, Chiloguembelitria, Chilostomellidae, Chilostomina, Chitralina, Chomatomediocris, Chrysothurammina, Cibicorbis, Cincoriola, Ciperozea, Citharinella, Civrieuxia, Claudostriatella, Clavelloides, Clavigerinella, Claviticinella, Clavulinopsis, Clypeorbis, Cocoarota, Coleiconus, Coleites, Colomia, Colomita, Compressigerina, Concavatotruncana, Concavella, Condonofusiella, Condrustella, Conicorbitolina, Conilites, Conoglobigerina, Conorbina, Conorbinella, Conorbitoides, Coprolithina, Cordatella, Corrigotubella, Corrosina, Corrugatella, Coskinolinella, Coskinolinoides, Coskinon, Costayella, Costellagerina, Coxites, Crenaverneuilina, Crespinella, Crespinina, Cribellopsis, Cribranopsis, Cribroaperturata, Cribrogloborotalia, Cribrohantkenina, Cribrohemisphaeroides, Cribrolenticulina, Cribroparrella, Cribropleurostomella, Cribropullenia, Cribrorobulina, Cribrorotalia, Cribroturretoides, Cristellaria, Cristellariopsis, Ctenorbitoides, Cubanina, Cuburbita, Cuneolinella, Cuneus, Cursina, Cyclindroclavulina, Cyclogyra, Cyclolina, Cyclopsinella, Cyclorbitopsella, Cylindroclavulina, Cylindrocolaniella, Cylindrotrocholina, Dagmarella, Dainella, Dainita, Dainitella, Dariellina, Dariopsidae, Darjella, Daucina, Daviesiconus, Deckerellina, Demirina, Dentigloborotalia, Dhrumella, Dictyoconella, Dictyopselloides, Dictyorbitolina, Digitina, Discoramulina, Discorbitina, Discospira, Dizerina, Dobrogelina, Dohaia, Drepaniota, Drevennia, Droogerinella, Dukhania, Duplella, Dutkevichella, Dyfrondicularia, Dymia, Earlandinella, Eblanaia, Echinoporina, Eclusia, Econgella, Edhemia, Edithaella, Eggerina, Elenella, Elergella, Ellipsocristellaria, Ellipsodimorphina, Ellipsopolymorphina, Elphidioides, Enantiomorphina, Endochernella, Endospiroplectammina, Endotebanella, Endotriada, Endotriadella, Eoammosphaeroides, Eoannularia, Eoclavatorella, Eoconuloides, Eoendothyra, Eoeponidella, Eofabiania, Eoforschia, Eohastigerinella, Eolagena, Eolasiodiscus, Eomarssonella, Eonodosaria, Eopalorbitolina, Eoquasiendothyra, Eorupertia, Eosigmoilina, Eostaffeloides, Eotournayella, Eovolutina, Eowedekindellina, Epiannularia, Epistominita, Epistominitella, Epistominoides, Epithemella, Eponidella, Escornebovina, Eulinderina, Eurycheilostoma, Euuvigerina, Euxinita, Evlania, Evolutononion, Exagonocyclina, Exsculptina, Eygalierina, Fabiania, Fallotella, Falsocibicides, Falsoplanulina, Falsurgonina, Favolagena, Favulina, Felsinella, Ferayina, Feurtillia, Fijnonion, Finlayina, Fissoelphidium, Flabellamminopsis, Flabellinella, Fleuryana, Florennella, Flourensina, Foliotortus, Fontbotia, Forschia, Forschiella, Francesita, Frondiculinata, Frondilina, Frondovaginulina, Fusulinata, Fusulinina, Gabonita, Galliherina, Gallitellia, Ganella, Garantella, Gaudryinella, Gaudryinoides, Gaudryinopsis, Gavellinella, Geinitzinoidea, Geintzina, Gemellides, Geminospira, Gigasbia, Glandulinoides, Glandulopleurostomella, Globicuniculus, Globigerinaceae, Globigerinina, Globigerinoidea, Globigerinoita, Globigerinopsis, Globigerinopsoides, Globimorphina, Globispiroplectammina, Globispiroplectamminha, Globochernella, Globofissurella, Globorosalina, Globorotaliacea, Globospirillina, Globotetrataxis, Globothalamea, Globotruncanida, Globuligerina, Globulospinella, Glomospiranella, Glomospiroides, Glomotrocholina, Glubokoevella, Glyphostomella, Goesella, Gorbachikella, Gorisella, Goupillaudina, Graecodiscus, Granuliferelloides, Gravellina, Grillita, Grimsdaleinella, Gubkinella, Guembelitriidae, Guembelitrioidea, Gunteria, Guppyella, Gutnicella, Gypsinidae, Gyroconulina, Gyrodina, Gyroidinella, Gyrovalvulina, Haerella, Hagenowella, Hagenowina, Haghimashella, Haimasiella, Halenia, Hanostaffella, Hansenisca, Hantkeninidae, Haoella, Haplophragmella, Haplophragmiina, Haplophragmina, Haplostiche, Hastigerinopsis, Helicolepidina, Helicorbitoides, Helicostegina, Helicosteginopsis, Hellenocyclina, Helvetoglobatruncana, Hemicyclammina, Hemifusulina, Hemifusulinella, Hemirobulina, Hemithurammina, Hemlebenia, Hensonia, Hensonina, Hergottella, Heterantyx, Heterocoskinolina, Heteromorphina, Hidaella, Hidina, Hiltermannella, Hirsutospirella, Histopomphus, Historbitoides, Hofkerina, Hofkeruva, Holkeria, Hollandina, Holmanella, Homalohedra, Hopkinsinella, Hottingerella, Hottingerita, Howchinella, Hyderia, Igorina, Ilerdorbis, Illigata, Inflatobolivinella, Inordinatosphaera, Insolentitheca, Involutinina, Involvina, Iowanella, Iraqia, Irenita, Ismailia, Iuliusina, Ivanovella, Ivdelina, Jadammina, Jarvisella, Jurella, Kangvarella, Kaptarenkoella, Karaisella, Karrerotextularia, Kasachstanodiscus, Kettnerammina, Kilianina, Klubonibelia, Klubovella, Kollmannita, Korobkovella, Koskinobigenerina, Koskinotextularia, Krikoumbilica, Kunklerina, Kwantoella, Kyphopyxa, Labalina, Labiostoma, Labyrinthidoma, Laculatina, Ladoronia, Laeterohelix, Laeviheterohelix, Lagenida, Lagenina, Lagenodosaria, Lamarckella, Laminononion, Langenosolenia, Lasiotrochus, Laterostomella, Latibolivina, Latiendothyra, Latiendothyranopsis, Laxoendothyra, Laxoseptabrunsiina, Lepidosemicyclina, Lernella, Leupoldina, Lilliputianella, Linaresia, Lingulinopsis, Lipinellina, Lippsina, Lituolida, Lituolipora, Lituonelloides, Lituotubella, Loisthostomata, Louisettita, Loxostomatacea, Loxostomoides, Lugtonia, Lunatriella, Lycophris, Lysella, Magnesoina, Maichelina, Makarskiana, Mandjina, Manorella, Marginara, Marieita, Martiguesia, Maslinella, Matanzia, Mccloudia, Mediopsis, Medipsia, Medocia, Megastomella, Meidamonella, Melathrokerion, Melatolla, Merlingina, Metapolymorphina, Mikhailovella, Miliammellus, Miliospirella, Miniuva, Minouxia, Minyaichme, Miogypsinita, Miogypsinoides, Miolepidocyclina, Mirifica, Mironovella, Monothalamea, Monspeliensina, Montcharmontia, Montfortella, Montsechiana, Mooreinella, Moravammina, Mstinia, Mstiniella, Narayania, Naupliella, Navarella, Neoacarinina, Neoarchaesphaera, Neobrunsiina, Neocarpenteria, Neoclavulina, Neocribrella, Neodiscocyclina, Neodiscus, Neofusulina, Neogyroidina, Neoiraqia, Neokilianina, Neomisellina, Neoparadainella, Neoplanorbulinella, Neorbitolinopsis, Neoschubertella, Neouvigenna, Neusinidae, Nevillella, Ninella, Nodobolivinella, Nodochernyshinella, Nodophtalmidium, Nodosarchaediscus, Nodosariata, Nonionelleta, Norcottia, Notoconorbina, Novalesia, Novella, Nudarchaediscus, Nummodiscorbis, Nummulitacea, Nuttallus, Obandyella, Oberhauserella, Obliquina, Oketaella, Olssonina, Oolitella, Opertum, Ophtalmiidae, Ophthalmidium, Orbiculina, Orbignyna, Orbitammina, Orbitoclypeus, Orbitocyclina, Orbitokathina, Orbitolinella, Orbulinoides, Orcadia, Orientina, Orietalia, Orithostella, Ornatanomalina, Ozourina, Pachythurammina, Pacinonion, Palachemonella, Palaeobigenerina, Palaeodictyoconus, Palaeonubecularia, Palaeoreichelina, Palaeostaffella, Paleodictyoconus, Paleogaudryina, Paleolituonella, Paleomiogypsina, Paleopatellina, Paleopolymorphina, Pallaimorphina, Palmerinella, Palorbitolinoides, Pannellaina, Paracaligella, Paracoskinolina, Paracyclammina, Paradagmarita, Paradainella, Paradunbarula, Paraendothyra, Parafusulinella, Paragaudryina, Paraglobivalvulinoides, Parananlingella, Paraplectogyra, Parastegnammina, Paratextularia, Parathuramminites, Paratriasina, Paravulvulina, Parkeria, Paromalina, Parphia, Parurgonina, Patellina, Paulbronnimannella, Paulina, Pavonitina, Pavopsammia, Pealerina, Pegidia, Pellatispirella, Penoperculoides, Pentellina, Percultazonaria, Pernerina, Petchorina, Pfenderella, Pfendericonus, Piallina, Picounina, Pijpersia, Pinaria, Pityusina, Plagiostomella, Planisepta, Planispirillina, Planolinderina, Planomalina, Planopulivinulina, Planorotalites, Planulinoides, Plecanium, Plectinella, Plectogyranopsis, Plectomillerella, Plectotrochammina, Pleuroskelidion, Pleurostomelloides, Plummerita, Pohlia, Polymorphinella, Polyperibola, Polytaxis, Popovia, Porosorotalia, Portatrochammina, Porticulasphaera, Postrugoglobigerina, Praechrysalidina, Praecystammina, Praedictyorbitolina, Praehedbergella, Praekaraisella, Praeparafusulina, Praepeneroplis, Praereticulinella, Praestorrsella, Pravoslavlevia, Prismatomorpha, Pristinosceptrella, Proninella, Prosphaeroidinella, Protentella, Protoelphidium, Protoglobobulimina, Protopeneroplis, Proxifrons, Pseudobradyina, Pseudobulimina, Pseudobulminella, Pseudocassidulinoides, Pseudochernyshinella, Pseudochoffatella, Pseudochrysalidina, Pseudocibicides, Pseudocylammina, Pseudoepistominella, Pseudogaudryina, Pseudogaudryinella, Pseudogavelinella, Pseudogloboquadrina, Pseudogloborotalia, Pseudogypsina, Pseudohastigerina, Pseudohelenina, Pseudolamarckina, Pseudolepidina, Pseudolituonella, Pseudomphalocyclus, Pseudonovella, Pseudonummoloculina, Pseudoolina, Pseudopalmula, Pseudoparrella, Pseudopatellinella, Pseudopatellinoides, Pseudopfenderina, Pseudoplanoendothyra, Pseudoplanoglobulina, Pseudoplanulinella, Pseudopolymorphinoides, Pseudorbitoides, Pseudorbitolina, Pseudoreophax, Pseudoruttenia, Pseudosaracenaria, Pseudosiphonella, Pseudosolenina, Pseudospirocyclina, Pseudotaxis, Pseudotribrachia, Pseudotriplasia, Pseudovidalina, Pseudowanganella, Pseudowedekindellina, Pseudowoodella, Ptychocladia, Pullenoides, Punctobolivinella, Pygmaeoseistron, Pylodexia, Pyramidina, Pyrenina, Pyrulinoides, Qataria, Quadratobuliminella, Quadrimorphinella, Quasibolivinella, Quasicyclammina, Quasiiregularina, Quasilituotuba, Quasirotalia, Quasispiroplectammina, Quasiverbeekina, Queraltina, Quydatella, Rabanitina, Radiocyclopeus, Radotruncana, Ramulinella, Rauserina, Rectoavesmella, Rectobulimina, Rectochernyshinella, Rectocibicides, Rectocyclammia, Rectocyclammina, Rectodictyoconus, Rectoelphidiella, Rectoendothyra, Rectoepistominoides, Rectoeponides, Rectomillerella, Rectoseptaglomospirane, Rectoseptatournayella, Rectotournayellina, Redmondina, Reedella, Reichelinella, Reissella, Reophacella, Resigia, Reticulinella, Reticulopalmula, Reticulophragmium, Reusella, Rhabdorbitoides, Rhapidionina, Rhenothyra, Rhodanopeza, Rhodesinella, Rhodonascia, Rhombobolivinella, Rimalina, Riveroinella, Robustopachyphloia, Roglicia, Rotaliatinopsis, Rotalidium, Rotaliina, Rotalioidea, Rotamorphina, Ruakituria, Ruatoria, Rugobolivinella, Rugososchwagerina, Rupertiidae, Ryadhella, Sabellovoluta, Sabulina, Saccamminoides, Saccorhina, Sagoplecta, Saidovina, Sakesaria, Sakhiella, Salpingthurammina, Saltovskajina, Sanderella, Saracenella, Saraswati, Satorina, Scarificatina, Schackoina, Schackoinella, Scheibnerova, Schlosserina, Schlumbergerella, Schmidita, Scyphocodon, Semiendothyra, Semirosalina, Semitextularia, Semivalvulina, Septaforschia, Septatournayella, Septigerina, Serovaina, Sestronophora, Shastrina, Shouguania, Sieberina, Sigalitruncana, Silicinidae, Silicobathysiphon, Silvestriella, Simionescella, Simplorbites, Simplorbitolina, Siphogaudryina, Siphoglobulina, Sipholagena, Siphonides, Siphonoscutula, Siphovalvulina, Sivasella, Smoutina, Sogdianina, Soriella, Sornayina, Spandelinoides, Spinobrunsiina, Spinochernella, Spinodiscorbis, Spinoendothyra, Spinolaxina, Spinothyra, Spinotournayella, Spiraloconulus, Spirillinina, Spirobolivina, Spirocyclina, Spirofrondicularia, Spirolingulina, Spiroplecta, Spiroplectamminacea, Spiroplectina, Spiropsammia, Spirotecta, Spirotrocholina, Sporobulimina, Sporobuliminella, Stedumia, Steinetella, Stenocyclina, Stetsonia, Stichocassidulina, Stichocibicides, Stomatorbina, Stomoloculina, Storrsella, Streptocyclammina, Striataella, Strigialifusus, Subbdelloidina, Sublamarckella, Suggrunda, Sulcorbitoides, Syzranella, Taitzehoella, Takayanagia, Talimuella, Talpinella, Tappanella, Tayamaia, Tenisonina, Tentifrons, Tentilenticulina, Tergrigorjanzaella, Testacarinata, Tetragonulina, Tetraminouxia, Tewoella, Textulariia, Textulariida, Textulariina, Textulariopsidae, Textulariopsis, Textulina, Thalmannammina, Thalmannita, Ticinella, Timanella, Timidonella, Tinophodella, Tiphotrocha, Tobolia, Tollmannia, Topalodiscorbis, Torinosuella, Torreina, Torremiroella, Torresina, Tortaguttus, Torulumbonina, Tosaia, Tournarchaediscus, Tournayella, Tournayellina, Trachelinella, Transversigerina, Tremachora, Triadodiscus, Tricarinella, Trichohyalus, Trispirina, Tritubulogenerina, Trochamminula, Trochospira, Trochospirillina, Trochulina, Trochylina, Tubeporella, Tubeporina, Tuberendothyra, Tubispirodiscus, Tubothalamea, Tubulogenerina, Turborotalitidae, Turcmeniella, Turkmenella, Turrispiroides, Unicosiphonia, Uralinella, Uralofusulinella, Urbanella, Urgonina, Uslonia, Uviella, Vacuovalvulina, Valdanchella, Valserina, Valvoreussella, Valvulammina, Valvuliana, Valvulinoides, Vanderbeekia, Vania, Vasicekia, Vasiglobulina, Vaughanina, Velapertina, Vellaena, Ventilabrella, Ventrostoma, Verispira, Vernonina, Verseyella, Vervilleina, Vialovella, Vialovia, Victoriella, Virguloides, Viseidiscus, Viseina, Vissariotaxis, Voloshinoides, Voloshinovella, Wadella, Waeringella, Warnantella, Washitella, Wheelerella, Wiesnerina, Wilfordia, Woodella, Xenostaffella, Yaucorotalia, Yneziella, Zarodella, Zelamarckina, Ziguiella, Zotheculifida
Subtaxa: Buliminellidae Buliminidae Pavoninidae
Ecology: stationary semi-infaunal omnivore
Distribution:
• NN21 of Indian Ocean (7 collections), North Atlantic (7), North Pacific (39), South Pacific (22)
• G. truncatulinoides PRSZ of Indian Ocean (3), North Atlantic (9)
• Brunhes of North Pacific (11)
• G. ruber PRZ of Indian Ocean (5)
• Quaternary of Canada (1: Nunavut), France (4), Indian Ocean (61), Italy (9), North Atlantic (450), North Pacific (655), South Pacific (158), Southern Ocean (13), United States (9: California, Florida, Maryland, South Carolina, Virginia)
• C2 of North Pacific (2)
• NN16 of Indian Ocean (8), North Pacific (1), South Pacific (7)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Indian Ocean (3), Italy (1), North Atlantic (10), North Pacific (8), South Pacific (3)
• Pliocene of Australia (1), Chile (2), Ecuador (3), Indian Ocean (23), Italy (1), Japan (3), New Zealand (1), North Atlantic (57), North Pacific (79), Pakistan (1), Panama (1), South Pacific (61), Southern Ocean (2), United States (2: North Carolina, South Carolina)
• NN12 of Indian Ocean (1), North Pacific (2), South Pacific (11)
• Neodenticula kamtschatica of North Pacific (1)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Chile (5), Indian Ocean (1), North Atlantic (2), North Pacific (6), South Pacific (3), Southern Ocean (1)
• Miocene to Pleistocene of Chile (1)
• Miocene of Austria (1), Chile (7), Costa Rica (1), Ecuador (2), Germany (23), India (1), Indian Ocean (51), Iran (3), Italy (1), Kazakhstan (2), New Zealand (4), North Atlantic (63), North Pacific (194), Panama (2), Romania (1), Slovakia (1), South Pacific (49), Southern Ocean (3), United States (4: California, Florida, Mississippi)
• Neogene of Indian Ocean (1)
• NN1 of South Pacific (3)
• Oligocene to Miocene of Indonesia (1), North Atlantic (19), North Pacific (5), South Pacific (2)
• Oligocene of Canada (2: British Colombia, British Columbia), Germany (1), Indian Ocean (2), New Zealand (2), North Atlantic (41), North Pacific (23), Puerto Rico (1), South Pacific (13), Taiwan (2), United States (6: California, Louisiana)
• Eocene to Oligocene of Indian Ocean (1), North Pacific (9), South Pacific (6)
• Eocene of Belgium (1), Canada (2: British Columbia), Ecuador (3), Egypt (4), Hungary (1), India (1), Indian Ocean (6), Japan (1), Libya (2), Nigeria (3), North Atlantic (77), North Pacific (7), South Pacific (45), Spain (11), Tonga (1), Trinidad and Tobago (1), Türkiye (1), the United Kingdom (1), United States (16: Alabama, California, Louisiana, Louisiana/Texas, Oregon, Washington)
• Paleocene to Eocene of North Atlantic (2)
• Paleocene of Denmark (1), French Guiana (3), Indian Ocean (2), Libya (1), North Atlantic (14), Puerto Rico (1), the Russian Federation (1), Slovakia (1), South Pacific (13), Spain (2), Suriname (3), United States (1: Missouri)
• Cenozoic of Indian Ocean (2)
• Cretaceous to Paleogene of Argentina (5), Indian Ocean (1), North Atlantic (1)
• Cretaceous of Canada (1: British Columbia), Chile (3), Croatia (5), Egypt (1), Germany (1), Indian Ocean (5), Italy (13), Jordan (1), Lebanon (1), Morocco (1), New Zealand (2), North Atlantic (9), Tanzania (1), Tunisia (17), Türkiye (1), United States (1: California)
• Triassic of the United Kingdom (1)
Total: 2632 collections including 4397 occurrences