Full reference: E. D. Cope. 1887. Zittel's Manual of Palaeontology. The American Naturalist 21(11):1014-1019
Parent taxon: Actinopterygii according to A. S. Woodward 1895
See also Casier 1965, Casier 1966, Cope 1887, Hay 1902, Jordan 1963 and Rapp 1946
Sister taxa: Aesopichthyidae, Aetheospondyli, Aetheretmon, Aethocephalichthys, Akanolepis, Ameghinichthys, Anapterus, Aneurolepis, Apholiformes, Asarotiformes, Atkinsonella, Australichthys, Avamia, Avonichthys, Baoqingichthys, Beagiascus, Bishofia, Bluefieldius, Bobastraniiformes, Burguklia, Charleuxiidae, Chirothrix, Cuneognathus, Daemodontiscus, Diplospondichthys, Discordichthyidae, Echidnocephalus, Eurekichthyoidei, Eurynotiformes, Eurypoma, Exocoetoides, Fubarichthyiformes, Guntherichthys, Gyrolepidotidae, Holuropsis, Kalops, Kansasiella, Kutaichthys, Lepidotus pectoralis, Lepidotus trotti, Lineagruan, Mallotus, Meemannia, Meisenheimichthys, Ministrella, Moythomasiidae, Neuburgichthys, Nozamichthys, Ophiopsis lariensis, Opistopteryx, Oxypteriscus, Pachylebias, Palaeoneiros, Palaeonisci, Palaeonisciformes, Palaeoniscimorpha, Palaeoniscoidae, Palaeoniscoidea, Paleonisciformes, Paramblypteriformes, Phanerosteonoidei, Phoebeannaia, Pholidophorus lepturus, Piratata, Polypteri, Protaulopsis, Protospondyli, Raynerius, Rhynchorhinus, Roslerichthys, Schizospondylus, Semionotus brevis, Semionotus dubius, Semionotus inornatus, Sphyragnathus, Spinofacia, Stambergichthys, Stegotrachelus, Tanyrhinichthys, Terenolepis, Tetragonopterus, Trawdenia, Uranichthys, Yaomoshania
Subtaxa: Notopteroidei Pholidophoroidei Proballostomus Salmonoidea Sauropsidae Scyphophori Stomiatioidei
Ecology: