Mammalia - Proboscidea - Elephantidae
Synonyms: Elephantus Geoffroy and Cuvier 1795 [objective synonym], Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) Matsumoto 1924, Hesperoloxodon Osborn 1931, Hypselephas Osborn 1942, Leithadamsia Matsumoto 1927, Loxodonta (Palaeoloxodon) Matsumoto 1924, Omoloxodon Deraniyagala 1955, Palaeoloxodon Matsumoto 1924, Pilgrimia Osborn 1924, Platelephas Osborn 1942, Sivalikia Osborn 1924, Stegoloxodon Kretzoi 1950
Full reference: C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1:1-824
Parent taxon: Elephantini according to N. Rohland et al. 2010
See also Barriel et al. 1999, Capasso Barbato and Gliozzi 1995, Carroll 1988, Christiansen 2007, Cope 1889, Gray 1825, Hay 1902, Kalb and Frohelich 1995, Leidy 1860, Leidy 1873, Linnaeus 1758, Lydekker 1880, Maglio 1970, Maglio 1973, Matsumoto 1929, McKenna and Bell 1997, Nordmann 1860, Owen 1848, Palombo 2001, Palombo 2005, Rogaev et al. 2006, Shoshani and Eisenberg 1982, Shoshani and Tassy 1996, Shoshani and Tassy 2005, Thurmond and Jones 1981 and Wilson and Reeder 2005
Sister taxa: Elephantina, Loxodontina, Mammuthus
Subtaxa: Elephas (Euelephas) Elephas (Loxodon) Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) cephallonicus Elephas beyeri Elephas clifti Elephas ekorensis Elephas falconeri Elephas maximus Elephas melitensis Elephas moghrebiensis Elephas nawataensis Elephas planifrons Elephas priscus Loxodonta (Palaeoloxodon) tokunagai Mastodon elephantoides Palaeoloxodon antiquus Palaeoloxodon creutzburgi Palaeoloxodon cypriotes Palaeoloxodon lomolinoi Palaeoloxodon mnaidriensis Palaeoloxodon naumanni Palaeoloxodon recki Palaeoloxodon tiliensis Palaeoloxodon xylophagou
Type: Elephas maximus
Ecology: ground dwelling grazer-browser
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Algeria (1 collection), Azerbaijan (1), China (7), Cyprus (1), Djibouti (5), Egypt (1), Eritrea (2), Ethiopia (118), France (3), Germany (9), Greece (43), India (4), Indonesia (5), Israel (2), Italy (15), Japan (6), Kenya (53), Laos (1), Malta (1), Mexico (1), Morocco (2), Namibia (1), the Philippines (1), Portugal (7), Saudi Arabia (1), South Africa (4), Spain (16), Sri Lanka (1), Taiwan (2), Tajikistan (1), Tanzania (24), Thailand (2), Turkmenistan (3), the United Kingdom (5), United States (12: New York, Texas)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of China (1), the Congo-Kinshasa (4), Djibouti (1), Ethiopia (6), India (1), Kenya (3), Malawi (3), Myanmar (2), Nepal (1), South Africa (1), Uganda (2)
• Pliocene to Holocene of the Congo-Kinshasa (1)
• Pliocene of China (1), Ethiopia (29), India (4), Italy (1), Kenya (11), Malawi (1), Morocco (1), Pakistan (1), the Russian Federation (2), Tanzania (1), Ukraine (1)
• Baodean of China (1)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Kenya (1)
• Neogene of Myanmar (1), Taiwan (4)
• Miocene of Thailand (1)
Total: 448 collections including 481 occurrences
Specimen images are retrieved through the ePANDDA API.
Click image to enlarge. Click to access iDigBio record.