Family Elephantidae Gray 1821 (elephant)

Mammalia - Proboscidea - Elephantidae

Full reference: J. E. Gray. 1821. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15:296-310

Parent taxon: Elephantoidea according to J. Shoshani et al. 2006

See also Abel 1919, Bonaparte 1850, Carroll 1988, Cope 1889, Cope 1889, Flower 1883, Flower and Lydekker 1891, Gray 1821, Gray 1825, Hay 1902, Kalb and Frohelich 1995, Kurten and Anderson 1980, Lambert and Shoshani 1998, Lydekker 1880, Mackaye et al. 2005, Maglio 1973, McKenna and Bell 1997, Nowak 1991, Sanders 2007, Shoshani and Tassy 1996, Shoshani and Tassy 2005, Stefani 1916, Thurmond and Jones 1981 and Wilson and Reeder 2005

Sister taxa: Loxodontinae, Mammontinae, Mammutoidea, Paratetralophodon, Stegodontidae

Subtaxa: Elephantinae Emmenodon Selenetherium Stegodibelodon Stegodon Stegodontinae Stegotetrabelodon Stegotetrabelodontinae Suina

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Type: Elephas

Ecology: ground dwelling grazer-browser

Distribution:

• Quaternary of Algeria (2 collections), Austria (1), Azerbaijan (1), Belgium (1), Canada (31: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Yukon), China (29), the Congo-Kinshasa (3), Cote D'Ivoire (1), Croatia (1), Cyprus (1), the Czech Republic (3), Djibouti (5), Egypt (2), El Salvador (2), Eritrea (2), Ethiopia (122), France (18), Georgia (2), Germany (36), Greece (73), Guatemala (4), Honduras (1), Hungary (2), India (6), Indonesia (17), Israel (4), Italy (35), Japan (11), Kazakhstan (1), Kenya (61), Kyrgyzstan (1), Laos (1), Libya (1), Malta (1), Mexico (43), Mongolia (1), Morocco (7), Namibia (1), the Netherlands (7), Nicaragua (2), North Atlantic (1), the Philippines (3), Portugal (7), Romania (16), the Russian Federation (17), Rwanda (1), Saudi Arabia (1), Slovakia (1), South Africa (20), Spain (27), Sri Lanka (1), Sudan (4), Syria (1), Taiwan (3), Tajikistan (1), Tanzania (30), Thailand (1), Turkey (2), Turkmenistan (6), the United Kingdom (20), United States (326: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming), Vietnam (2), Zambia (1)

• Blancan of El Salvador (1), Mexico (1), United States (4: California, Florida, Idaho, New Mexico)

• Pliocene to Holocene of the Congo-Kinshasa (1), Malawi (1)

• Pliocene to Pleistocene of China (1), the Congo-Kinshasa (6), Djibouti (1), Ethiopia (6), France (2), Greece (5), India (3), Indonesia (2), Italy (4), Kenya (4), Malawi (4), Myanmar (5), Nepal (1), the Russian Federation (1), South Africa (1), Spain (2), Uganda (2)

• Pliocene of Azerbaijan (1), Chad (9), China (3), Ethiopia (37), Georgia (1), Greece (2), Hungary (4), India (5), Indonesia (16), Italy (11), Japan (3), Kazakhstan (1), Kenya (20), Libya (1), Malawi (3), Mexico (1), Morocco (1), Pakistan (1), Romania (6), the Russian Federation (6), South Africa (3), Spain (1), Tajikistan (2), Tanzania (26), Uganda (5), Ukraine (2), Uzbekistan (1)

• Baodean of China (1)

• Miocene to Pliocene of Chad (1), Ethiopia (6), Kenya (4), South Africa (5), Tanzania (5), Uganda (18)

• Miocene to Pleistocene of Ethiopia (1), the Netherlands (1), South Africa (1)

• Neogene of Greece (1), Myanmar (1), Taiwan (6), United States (1: West Virginia)

• Miocene of Chad (4), China (2), Ethiopia (1), Hungary (1), India (1), Italy (3), Kenya (6), Libya (1), South Africa (1), Thailand (2), Uganda (3), the United Arab Emirates (1)

Total: 1343 collections including 1539 occurrences

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