Placodermi - Phlyctaeniiformes
Parent taxon: Brachythoraci according to R. van der Laan 2019
See also Carr and Hlavin 2010
Sister taxa: Aspinothoracidi, Brachydeiroidea, Buchanosteidae, Buchanosteoidea, Coccosteoidea, Coccosteomorphi, Dinichthyoidea, Doseyosteus, Gemuendenaspidae, Heterosteoidea, Homosteoidea, Homostiidae, Maideria, Parabuchanosteidae
Subtaxa: Dunkleosteidae Dunkleosteoidea Kiangyousteus Panxiosteidae Rhachiosteidae
Ecology: nektonic carnivore
Distribution:
• Givetian of Belarus (1 collection)
• Devonian of Belarus (1), Canada (2: Ontario, Quebec), China (3), Estonia (6), Germany (1), Greenland (1), Iran (2), Latvia (4), Poland (1), the Russian Federation (3), the United Kingdom (1), United States (6: California, Michigan, Ohio, ohio)
Total: 32 collections including 41 occurrences