Placodermi - Phlyctaeniiformes
Parent taxon: Arthrodira according to R. van der Laan 2019
Sister taxa: Acanthaspida, Actinolepidiformes, Actinolepina, Africanaspis, Antarctolepis, Arctonema, Arenipiscis, Aspidichthys, Atlantidosteus, Brachydeirina, Bruntonichthys, Bullerichthys, Callognathus, Coccosteina, Copanognathus, Cosmacanthus, Cravenaspis, Diplognathus, Erikaspis, Errolosteus, Eskimaspis, Euarthrodira, Eubrachythoraci, Glyptaspis, Grazosteus, Harrytoombsia, Heintzosteus, Heterostiina, Hollardosteus, Holonematina, Huaningichthys, Incisoscutoidea, Kimberleyichthys, Kueichowlepis, Latocamurus, Laurentaspis, Lurapullaspis, Machaerognathus, Mcnamaraspis, Mediaspidae, Murmur, Operchallosteus, Overtonaspis, Pachyosteidae, Pachyosteina, Parawilliamsaspis, Phlyctaenina, Pholidosteidae, Phylctaeniida, Phyllolepida, Platyaspis, Prescottaspidae, Qataraspis, Rolfosteus, Squamatognathus, Stegophthalami, Taemasosteus, Taunaspis, Temnothoraci, Timanosteus, Toombalepis, Toombsosteus, Tubonasus, Tyriolepis, Wheathillaspis, Wuttagoonaspina, Yinosteus, Brachythoracoidei, Actinolepidoidei, Phyllolepidoidei
Subtaxa: Arctaspididae Arctolepididae Brachythoraci Gronlandaspididae Holonematidae Phlyctaeniidae Phlyctaenioidei
Ecology: nektonic carnivore