Suborder Syngnathoidei (ray-finned fish)
Osteichthyes - Syngnathiformes
Parent taxon: Syngnathiformes according to R. van der Laan 2019
See also Bannikov 2014, Betancur et al. 2013, Fierstine et al. 2012 and Pietsch 1978
Sister taxa: Aulorhamphidae, Aulostomidae, Aulostomoidea, Callionymoidei, Centriscidae, Dactylopteroidei, Fistularioididae, Gerpegezhidae, Macrorhamphosidae, Mulloidei, Paraeoliscidae, Parasynarcualidae, Pegasidae, Rhamphosidae, Solenostomidae, Urosphenidae
Subtaxa: Centriscoidea Fistulariidae Macroramphosa Macrorhamphosa Pegasoidea Syngnatha Syngnathidae Syngnathoidea
Ecology: