Suborder Syngnathoidei (ray-finned fish)
Parent taxon: Syngnathiformes according to R. Betancur et al. 2013
See also Bannikov 2014, Fierstine et al. 2012 and Pietsch 1978
Sister taxa: Aulorhamphidae, Aulostomidae, Aulostomoidea, Callionymoidei, Centriscidae, Dactylopteroidei, Fistularioididae, Macrorhamphosidae, Mulloidei, Paraeoliscidae, Parasynarcualidae, Pegasidae, Rhamphosidae, Solenostomidae, Urosphenidae
Subtaxa: Centriscoidea Fistulariidae Macroramphosa Macrorhamphosa Pegasoidea Syngnatha Syngnathidae Syngnathoidea
Ecology: nektonic omnivore