Bivalvia - Cardiida - Veneridae
Alternative spellings: Gouldiidae, Gouldiini
Synonyms: Circinae Dall 1896, Gafrariidae Korobkov 1954, Gafrariinae Korobkov 1954
Parent taxon: Veneridae according to E. V. Coan and P. Valentich-Scott 2012
See also Bieler and Mikkelsen 2006, Bouchet et al. 2010, Carter et al. 2011, Miller 1985, Pacaud and Le Renard 1995 and Vokes 1980
Sister taxa: Anofia, Austrocardilanx, Callistinae, Callocardiinae, Calva, Chamelea, Chionidae, Clementina, Cockburnia, Cythereinae, Eurhomalea, Ezocallista, Fossacallista, Frigichione, Gemma, Macrocallista, Meretricinae, Oedalia, Paleomarcia, Paphiinae, Pitaria, Polititapes, Pullastra, Securella, Sinodia, Sunettinae, Transennella, Venerinae, Venerupis, Venidia, Xenoloupia, Cooperella
Subtaxa: Circe Gafrarium Gouldia Gouldiina
Ecology: facultatively mobile infaunal suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Australia (14 collections), Brazil (1), Cayman Islands (3), Costa Rica (4), Djibouti (5), the Dominican Republic (1), Egypt (3), Eritrea (3), French Polynesia (1), Iran (1), Italy (1), Japan (3), Kenya (2), the Marshall Islands (1), Mayotte (1), Mozambique (1), Nauru (1), Pakistan (2), Panama (2), Saudi Arabia (6), South Africa (1), Spain (2), Sudan (1), Taiwan (1), Tanzania (1), Türkiye (2), United States (18: Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina), Uruguay (2), Vanuatu (1), Yemen (2)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Malaysia (7)
• Pliocene of Belgium (3), Costa Rica (4), Greece (1), India (1), Indonesia (3), Italy (1), Jamaica (3), Japan (3), Mexico (3), Pakistan (2), Panama (11), the Philippines (2), the United Kingdom (3), United States (10: Florida, North Carolina, Virginia), Vanuatu (1), Venezuela (7)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Indonesia (1)
• Miocene of Australia (2), Austria (5), Belgium (3), Bulgaria (1), Colombia (93), Cyprus (2), the Dominican Republic (1), France (1), Germany (42), India (1), Indonesia (9), Italy (2), Morocco (4), the Netherlands (1), Panama (25), the Philippines (1), Poland (5), United States (16: Florida), Vanuatu (1)
• Oligocene of France (6)
• Eocene of Colombia (2), France (1)
• Paleocene of Denmark (5), Poland (2)
• Cretaceous of France (1), Germany (1)
Total: 386 collections including 416 occurrences