Chondrichthyes - Carcharhiniformes - Sphyrnidae
Synonym: Zygaena Cuvier 1816
Parent taxon: Sphyrnidae according to B. M. Landau et al. 2025
See also Adnet et al. 2007, Adnet et al. 2020, Carillo-Briceño et al. 2014, Carrillo-Briceño et al. 2016, Case 1981, Casier 1958, Chapman and Cudmore 1924, Chapman and Pritchard 1904, Cicimurri et al. 2025, Cicimurri and Knight 2009, Compagno 2005, Dartevelle and Casier 1943, Ebersole et al. 2024, Gibbes 1847, Hastings and Dooley 2017, Hay 1902, Jordan 1963, Kent 2018, Kocsis 2007, Landini et al. 2019, Leriche 1942, Maisch IV et al. 2025, Purdy et al. 2001, Rana et al. 2006, Rapp 1946, Reinecke and Radwanski 2015, Sepkoski 2002, Villafaña et al. 2020, White 1926, Woodward 1889 and Yabe and Hirayama 1998
Sister taxa: Cestrorhinus, Eusphyra, Platysqualus, Reniceps, Sphyra, Sphyrichthys, Sphyrnias
Subtaxa: Sphyrna americana Sphyrna arambourgi Sphyrna denticulata Sphyrna gibbesii Sphyrna gracile Sphyrna guinoti Sphyrna integra Sphyrna itoriensis Sphyrna laevissima Sphyrna lata Sphyrna lewini Sphyrna magna Sphyrna media Sphyrna mokarran Sphyrna prisca Sphyrna robustum Sphyrna tiburo Sphyrna tortilis Sphyrna vespertina Sphyrna zygaena
Ecology: nektonic carnivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Ecuador (1 collection), Japan (2), Taiwan (1), United States (6: California, Florida, Georgia)
• Pliocene of Italy (1), Japan (1), Libya (1), Mexico (1), South Africa (1), Spain (4), United States (3: California, North Carolina)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Australia (1), Ecuador (1), Japan (1), United States (2: California, Florida)
• Miocene of Algeria (1), Angola (1), Argentina (2), Australia (3), Austria (1), Belgium (3), Brazil (11), Brunei Darussalam (3), Chile (1), Colombia (1), Costa Rica (2), Cuba (2), Czechia (1), Egypt (1), France (14), Germany (1), Hungary (1), India (6), Japan (2), Madagascar (2), Malta (1), Mexico (1), Oman (1), Panama (12), Peru (5), Poland (1), Portugal (10), Saudi Arabia (1), Slovakia (1), United States (13: California, Florida, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia), Venezuela (11)
• Oligocene of Angola (3), Pakistan (1), United States (5: Alabama, California, Florida, Mississippi, South Carolina)
• Eocene to Oligocene of the Congo-Kinshasa (1)
• Eocene of Barbados (2), China (2), Egypt (1), India (1), Nigeria (1), Saudi Arabia (1), Togo (1), Tunisia (1), United States (3: Alabama, Georgia), Western Sahara (2)
• Paleocene of United States (2: Maryland)
• Cretaceous of France (1)
Total: 171 collections including 222 occurrences
Specimen images are retrieved through the ePANDDA API.
Click image to enlarge. Click to access iDigBio record.