Parent taxon: Holostei according to R. Betancur et al. 2013
See also Bogan et al. 2010, Brito et al. 2008, Bryant 1989, Carnevale and Godfrey 2018, Cartanyà 1999, Case and Schwimmer 1988, Cavin et al. 2007, Estes 1964, Grande and Bemis 1998, Kriwet 2005, Long 2011, Meyer and Zardoya 2003, Nelson 2006, Nelson et al. 2016, Patterson and Rosen 1977, Pearson et al. 2002, Peng et al. 2001, Sepkoski 2002, Thurmond and Jones 1981, van der Laan 2019 and Weems 1999
Sister taxa: Arotus, Aspidorhynchoidea, Chilingosaurus chingshankouensis, Holcodon, Ophiopsidae, Pholidophoroidea, Promecosominidae, Sangiorgioichthys, Semionotoidaea, Semionotoidea, Ticinolepis
Subtaxa: Ainia Amioidea Amioidei Caturoidei Eusemius Ionoscopidae Otomitla
Ecology: nektobenthic carnivore-piscivore