Conodonta - Protopanderodontida - Acanthodontidae
Parent taxon: Protopanderodontida according to L. J. Pyle and C. R. Barnes 2002
See also Clark et al. 1981 and Sweet 1988
Sister taxa: Clavohamulidae, Cornuodontidae, Drepanoistodontidae, Oneotodontidae, Protopanderodontidae, Serratognathidae
Subtaxa: Acanthodus Parapaltodus Scalpellodus Ulrichodina
Ecology: nektonic carnivore
Distribution:
• Devonian of United States (1: Nevada collection)
• Aluoja of Sweden (8)
• Whiterockian of Canada (1: Northwest Territories)
• Volkhov of Estonia (11), the Russian Federation (2), Sweden (7)
• Arenig of Argentina (1), Canada (1: Ontario), China (4)
• Ordovician of Argentina (17), Australia (4), Canada (3: Newfoundland, Quebec), China (2), Malaysia (1), New Zealand (4), the Russian Federation (8), Svalbard and Jan Mayen (1), Sweden (1), United States (16: Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Texas, Utah)
• Tremadoc of Argentina (1), Canada (9: British Columbia), China (3), the Russian Federation (4), South Korea (3), Sweden (1), United States (1: Colorado)
• Ibexian of United States (1: New York)
Total: 116 collections including 142 occurrences