Echinoidea - Spatangoida - Hemiasteridae
The genus Hemiaster is extant only because its subgenus Holanthus is extant, according to WoRMS and Treatise.
Full reference: L. Agassiz and P. J. E. Desor. 1847. Catalogue raisonné des familles, des genres, et des espèces de la classe des échinodermes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Troisième Série, Zoologie 7-8
Parent taxon: Hemiasteridae according to R. Berndt 2003
See also Clark and Twitchell 1915, Cooke 1942, Donovan 1993, Fischer 1966, Grant and Hertlein 1938, Henderson 1975, Kew 1920, Kier 1984, McNamara 1987, Parma and Casadío 2005, Ragaini 1994, Sepkoski 2002, Smith 1991 and Smith 1995
Sister taxa: Cheopsia, Crucibrissus, Distefanaster, Ditremaster, Eoagassizia, Heterolampas, Holcopneustes, Hypsopatagus, Isopetalum, Mecaster, Palhemiaster, Periaster, Psephoaster, Tripylaster, Vomeraster, Washitaster
Subtaxa: Hemiaster (Bolbaster) Hemiaster (Gregoryaster) Hemiaster (Hemiaster) Hemiaster (Holanthus) Hemiaster (Integraster) Hemiaster (Leymeriaster) Hemiaster (Trachyaster) Hemiaster aequisgranensis Hemiaster alamedensis Hemiaster amelianus Hemiaster antillensis Hemiaster arcolensis Hemiaster arcticus Hemiaster atavus Hemiaster beecheri Hemiaster bufo Hemiaster californicus Hemiaster calvini Hemiaster cholamensis Hemiaster comanchei Hemiaster delawarensis Hemiaster dewalquei Hemiaster elegans Hemiaster globulosus Hemiaster gonzalezmunozi Hemiaster hattaensis Hemiaster humphreysanus Hemiaster kuemmeli Hemiaster moscovensis Hemiaster orbignyi Hemiaster oregonensis Hemiaster parastatus Hemiaster paronai Hemiaster proclivus Hemiaster regulusanus Hemiaster sabinal Hemiaster scutiger Hemiaster sibiricus Hemiaster stella Hemiaster texanus Hemiaster ungula Hemiaster welleri Hemiaster wetherbyi Hemiaster zululandensis
Type: Spatangus bufo
Ecology: slow-moving shallow infaunal deposit feeder-detritivore
Distribution:
• Pliocene of Holy See (Vatican City State) (1 collection)
• Miocene of Australia (5), Austria (1), Egypt (1), Italy (4)
• Oligocene of Australia (3)
• Eocene of Australia (1), Cuba (2), India (1), Pakistan (1), Qatar (1), the United Kingdom (5)
• Paleocene to Eocene of Australia (1)
• Paleocene of Argentina (2), Austria (2), Denmark (1), Egypt (1), France (1), Libya (1), Spain (1), United States (7: Alabama, New Jersey)
• Cretaceous to Paleogene of the Netherlands (4)
• Cretaceous of Algeria (1), Antarctica (8), Argentina (1), Belgium (8), Brazil (2), Canada (1: British Columbia), the Czech Republic (1), Egypt (23), France (46), Germany (6), Greenland (1), Guatemala (1), India (1), Israel (1), Jamaica (5), Japan (2), Madagascar (5), Mexico (12), Mozambique (4), the Netherlands (6), Oman (2), Peru (6), Portugal (2), the Russian Federation (2), South Africa (1), Spain (33), Switzerland (1), Tunisia (1), Turkey (1), USSR (2), the United Arab Emirates (1), the United Kingdom (5), United States (93: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Delaware, Mississippi, Montana, New Jersey, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Wyoming)
Total: 332 collections including 377 occurrences
Specimen images are retrieved through the ePANDDA API.
Click image to enlarge. Click to access iDigBio record.