Mammalia - Artiodactyla - Protoceratidae
Full reference: O. C. Marsh. 1891. A horned artiodactyle (Protoceras celer) from the Miocene. The American Journal of Science and Arts, series 3 41(241):81-82
Parent taxon: Ruminantiamorpha according to M. Spaulding et al. 2009
See also Carroll 1988, Cook 1934, Hulbert and Whitmore 2006, Marsh 1891, Prothero and Ludtke 2007, Scott 1940, Thurmond and Jones 1981 and Webb et al. 2003
Sister taxon: Ruminantia
Subtaxa: Calops Heteromeryx Leptoreodon Leptotragulinae Leptotragulus Poabromylus Protoceratinae Pseudoprotoceras Synthetoceratinae Toromeryx Trigenicus
Ecology: ground dwelling browser
Distribution:
• Pliocene of United States (2: North Carolina collections)
• Hemphillian of Mexico (1), United States (4: Alabama, Florida)
• Miocene of Canada (1: Saskatchewan), Mexico (3), Panama (7), United States (60: California, Florida, Louisiana, Maryland, Nebraska, New Jersey, South Dakota, Texas)
• Harrisonian of United States (8: Nebraska, Wyoming)
• Arikareean of Panama (1), United States (1: South Dakota)
• Oligocene of Canada (4: Saskatchewan), United States (7: Florida, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota)
• Eocene to Oligocene of Mexico (1)
• Eocene of Canada (7: Saskatchewan), United States (117: California, Colorado, Georgia, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Wyoming)
Total: 224 collections including 259 occurrences