Parent taxon: Life according to H. J. Hofmann 1976
Sister taxa: Amphibrachium, Ampulla, Arbustrum, Archidiscus, Arrhiniella, Attacus fossilis, Axellipsis, Azyrtalia, Balbiriniella, Batoballa, Campylacantha, Clonophycus, Concentricisporites, Cyathinema, Dibolisporites, Dictyosoma, Difflugia, Discospira, Distospicula, Eoconcharium, Eoscenidium, Eucarya, Eukarya, Eukaryota, Fusilabellum, Geminospora, Glenobotrydion, Heteracantha, Hyalocyrillium, Indophyton, Jiangispirellus, Matthewcyathus, Multiconotubus, Navifusa, Nodocapsa, Palaeodiscaleksus, Palaeorubus, Penardiella, Petalopus, Petalopus, Pilavia, Polytrichoides, Portfjeldia, Procaryotae, Prokaryota, Protohepialus, Protohepialus comstocki, Pterospermopsimorpha, Pygacapsa, Rustia, Salpicola, Siderina, Sinocyrtis, Sphaeranasillos, Stegaspis, Tenuocharta, Tetracanthus, Tindiromacula, Tortunema, Toxidium, Triactis, Tyrasotaenia, Vesicophycus, Warrawoonella, Biota
Subtaxa: Biocatenoides Brevitrichoides Eomicrhystridium Rhicnonema
Distribution:
• Pliocene of United States (1: California collection)
• Cambrian of China (1)
• Tonian of Australia (2), Canada (2: Yukon), the Russian Federation (1)
• Stenian of Canada (2: Nunavut)
• Ectasian of Canada (1: Nunavut), United States (1: Texas)
• Calymmian of China (1)
• Statherian of Australia (6)
• Orosirian of Canada (5: Nunavut)
Total: 23 collections including 29 occurrences