Angiospermae - Poales - Poaceae
Synonym: Gramineae de Jussieu
Full reference: J. H. Barnhart. 1895. Family Nomenclatura. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 22:1-24
Parent taxon: Poales according to The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016
See also Blackburn and Sluiter 1994, Chandler 1964, Knowlton 1919, Mabberley 2000, Ozaki 1974, Shoshani et al. 1989, Small 1903, Taylor et al. 2008 and Wang and Zhou 2013
Sister taxa: Bromeliaceae, Clementsiella, Cyperaceae, Ecdeiocoleaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Flagellariaceae, Joinvilleaceae, Juncaceae, Mayacaceae, Rapateaceae, Restionaceae, Thurniaceae, Triticoides, Typhaceae, Vallisnerites, Xyridaceae, Yorkia
Subtaxa: Actinocladum Andropogon Arundinaria Bambusa Bambusites Bambusoideae Berriochloa Bromus Cerealia Chaetochloa Chrysochloa Culmites Elymus Eragrosites Festuca Glumophyllum Glycerioxylon Graminites Graminocarpon Graminophyllum Greeneochloa Hubbardia Humbertochloa Hygrorhizos Iseilema Leptaspis Lepturus Lygeum Monoporopollenites Muhlenbergia Neostapfia Ophiuros Oryza Oryzopsis Palaeoavena Palaeophragmites Palaeopyrum Palaeozea Paleoeriocoma Panicum Pennisetum Phalaris Phragmites Phyllostachys Poacites Rhizocaulon Saccharum Setaria Sohnsia Sorghum Stipa Stipidium Tridens Triticum Walwhalleya Zea Zotovia
Ecology: "photoautotroph"
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Argentina (2 collections), Australia (46), the Bahamas (1), the Congo-Kinshasa (4), Greenland (1), India (61), Italy (1), Japan (3), Tanzania (3), the United Kingdom (3), United States (14: Kansas, Michigan, North Carolina, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington), Zambia (2)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Bolivia (1), China (1), the Congo-Kinshasa (1), India (1), Tanzania (1)
• Pliocene of Bolivia (1), Germany (1), India (2), Japan (1), Panama (4), Portugal (9), United States (2: Florida, Massachusetts)
• Hemphillian of United States (4: Indiana, Kansas, Tennessee)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Ecuador (1), India (3), Japan (4), Nepal (1), South Africa (2), South Atlantic (2), Uganda (1)
• Neogene of China (1), United States (1: Massachusetts)
• Miocene of Argentina (8), Australia (1), Azerbaijan (2), Chile (1), China (9), Ecuador (1), Germany (3), India (8), Italy (1), Japan (20), Kenya (8), Pakistan (1), Panama (3), Peru (1), Saudi Arabia (1), Switzerland (5), Turkey (1), United States (12: Massachusetts, Montana, Nebraska, Virginia), Venezuela (1)
• Oligocene to Pleistocene of Argentina (1)
• Oligocene to Miocene of Argentina (9), Australia (3), United States (2: Maryland, Montana)
• Oligocene of Argentina (6), Peru (1), United States (1: Montana)
• Eocene to Oligocene of Antarctica (1)
• Eocene to Miocene of Argentina (1)
• Eocene of Antarctica (5), Australia (1), Canada (3: British Columbia), Colombia (16), Cuba (1), France (1), Germany (1), India (4), United States (4: Alabama, Colorado, Missouri, Wyoming)
• Paleocene to Eocene of Canada (1: Nunavut)
• Tertiary of the Dominican Republic (1), Japan (2)
• Paleogene of India (2)
• Paleocene of Canada (1: Saskatchewan), the United Kingdom (1)
• Cretaceous of China (2), the Netherlands (1), Senegal (2), United States (4: Georgia, South Carolina, Wyoming)
Total: 351 collections including 426 occurrences