Angiospermae - Lamiales - Verbenaceae
Parent taxon: Lamiales according to The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016
See also Knowlton 1919 and Mabberley 2000
Sister taxa: Acanthaceae, Avicenniaceae, Bignoniaceae, Byblidaceae, Calceolariaceae, Carlemanniaceae, Cyclocheilaceae, Gesneriaceae, Lamiaceae, Lennoaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Linderniaceae, Martyniaceae, Mazaceae, Micranthemum, Oleaceae, Orobanchaceae, Paulowniaceae, Paulownioxylon, Pedaliaceae, Phrymaceae, Plantaginaceae, Plocospermataceae, Schlegeliaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Stilbaceae, Tetrachondraceae, Thomandersiaceae
Subtaxa: Avicennia Callicarpa Citharexylum Clerodendrum Gmelina Gmelinoxylon Holmskioldia Lippia Premnophyllum Tectona Tectonoxylon Vitex Vitexoxylon Viticocarpum
Ecology: "photoautotroph"
Distribution:
• Quaternary of India (13 collections), Trinidad and Tobago (1)
• Miocene to Oligocene of United States (1: Montana)
• Miocene to Pliocene of India (1), Uganda (1)
• Miocene of Colombia (1), India (1), Nepal (1)
• Oligocene of India (1)
• Eocene of Japan (2), Myanmar (2)
• Paleogene of India (2)
• Tertiary of Japan (1)
• Cretaceous of India (1)
Total: 29 collections including 32 occurrences